A High Temporal-Spatial Resolution Temperature Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Anisotropic Heat Flow
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Sensor Preparation
2.1. Sensor Design
2.2. Sensor Temperature Calibration
3. Sensor Performance Test
3.1. In-Plane Thermal Measurement
3.2. COMSOL Simulation Calculation of Thermal Conductivity
3.3. Out-of-Plane Thermal Measurement
3.4. Heat Flow Calculation
3.5. Sensor Response Time Measurement
4. Practical Application of Pt Film Sensing Unit to Measure the Flame Temperature
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The minimum line width of the thermal sensing unit is set to 5 μm, and the micrometer-level thermal sensing unit ensures the spatial scale of local detection. By arranging a large number of sensor units, the temperature and heat flow on the surface of the aircraft can be detected at a fixed point. Due to the extremely small characteristic size of the sensor, the theoretical temperature response time of the Pt nano-film sensor is at a sub-microsecond order.
- (2)
- The specially designed three-layer aluminum nitride ceramic sheet structure not only enables the function of anisotropic heat flow measurement but also protects the thermal sensing unit from high-temperature electrochemical corrosion and large deformation caused by the external airflow temperature difference.
- (3)
- Through experimental verification, the temperature measurement accuracy of the sensor can reach 0.01 K, the resolution of heat flow density is better than 500 W/m2, and the uncertainty of heat flow measurement is about 3%.
- (4)
- The high sensitivity of the new sensor in thermal measurement was verified by high-temperature flame pneumatic heating experiments, which confirmed the practical application of the sensor in the thermal measurement of hypersonic vehicles.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
R1 | standard resistance, Ω |
R2 | resistance of the Pt film sensing unit, Ω |
V1 | voltage value of standard resistance, V |
V2 | voltage value of the Pt film sensing unit, V |
β | resistance temperature coefficient,/°C |
T | absolute temperature measured by the sensor, K |
R0 | initial resistance of the thermal sensing unit, Ω |
T0 | initial temperature of the environment, K |
thermal conductivities of the Pt film, W/m/K | |
thermal conductivities of the aluminum nitride ceramic layer, W/m/K | |
t | temperature in heat conduction differential equation, K |
x, y, z | positions corresponding to the coordinate axes, m |
internal heat source, W/m3 | |
thermal conductivity in heat conduction differential equation, W/m/K | |
interfacial thermal conductivity, W/m/K | |
P | power applied to the thermal sensing unit, W |
V | volume of a thermal sensing unit, m3 |
TB | temperature of the simulation results on the high voltage side, K |
TS | temperature of the simulation results on the low voltage side, K |
TB0 | temperature of the experimental results on the high voltage side, K |
TS0 | temperature of the experimental results on the low voltage side, K |
calculation error | |
T1, T2 | temperatures of two adjacent thermal sensing units, K |
L | distance between adjacent thermal sensing units, m |
q | heat flow density, W/m2 |
t’ | time, s |
time constant of the sensor, s | |
equivalent surface heat transfer coefficient, W/m2/K | |
area of temperature measurement unit, m2 | |
density of platinum, kg/m3 | |
constant pressure heat capacity of platinum, J/kg/K | |
characteristic size of the sensor, m |
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Initial Resistance | Slope | Resistance Temperature Coefficient | |
---|---|---|---|
Sample 1 | 441.09 | 0.7817 | 0.0017722 |
Sample 2 | 443.50 | 0.7741 | 0.0017454 |
Sample 3 | 455.20 | 0.7872 | 0.0017294 |
Sample 4 | 464.82 | 0.8106 | 0.0017439 |
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Luo, X.; Wang, H. A High Temporal-Spatial Resolution Temperature Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Anisotropic Heat Flow. Materials 2022, 15, 5385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155385
Luo X, Wang H. A High Temporal-Spatial Resolution Temperature Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Anisotropic Heat Flow. Materials. 2022; 15(15):5385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155385
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuo, Xuwen, and Haidong Wang. 2022. "A High Temporal-Spatial Resolution Temperature Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Anisotropic Heat Flow" Materials 15, no. 15: 5385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155385