Influence of Structural Porosity and Martensite Evolution on Mechanical Characteristics of Nitinol via In-Silico Finite Element Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Kinematics of Phase Transformations
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Constitutive Modelling of Nitinol SMAs
2.2. Microscale Models
2.3. Macroscale Models
- 1D and 3D constitutive model to reproduce superelasticity
- Time-discrete isothermal model
- Algorithmic implementation with a finite element (FE) framework.
- Conversion of austenite into single-variant martensite (A→S)
- Conversion of single-variant martensite into austenite (S→A)
- Reorientation of the single-variant martensite (S→S)
2.3.1. Conversion of Austenite into Single-Variant Martensite (A→S)
2.3.2. Conversion of Single-Variant Martensite into Austenite (S→A)
2.3.3. Reorientation of the Single-Variant Martensite (S→S)
2.4. Numerical Simulations
2.5. Mesh Convergence
3. Results
3.1. Model Validation
3.2. Response to Strain Levels
3.3. Asymmetry in Tension and Compression
3.4. Compression of Porous Structures
3.5. MVF vs. Elastic Modulus
4. Discussion
4.1. Mechanical Strain
4.2. Structural Porosity
4.3. Martensite Evolution vs. Stiffness
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Elastic Modulus Estimation from Martensite Volume Fraction
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Material | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NT1 | 71.1 | 0.3 | 500 | 700 | 400 | 200 | 0.044 |
NT2 | 41 | 0.33 | 380 | 390 | 145 | 110 | 0.040 |
NT3 | 50.3 | 0.3 | 556 | 643 | 315 | 246 | 0.075 |
Sample | Porosity (%) | Void Volume (mm3) |
---|---|---|
Fully Dense (FD) | 0 | 0 |
P1 | 1.4 | 1.77 |
P2 | 2.8 | 3.53 |
P3 | 9.4 | 11.78 |
P4 | 15.7 | 19.63 |
P5 | 25.1 | 31.42 |
P6 | 72.7 | 90.85 |
P7 | 83.4 | 104.21 |
Upper bound (56 wt.% Ni) | 83 | 41 | 0.3 |
Lower bound (54 wt.% Ni) | 50.30 | 23.59 | 0.3 |
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Chekotu, J.C.; Kinahan, D.; Goodall, R.; Brabazon, D. Influence of Structural Porosity and Martensite Evolution on Mechanical Characteristics of Nitinol via In-Silico Finite Element Approach. Materials 2022, 15, 5365. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155365
Chekotu JC, Kinahan D, Goodall R, Brabazon D. Influence of Structural Porosity and Martensite Evolution on Mechanical Characteristics of Nitinol via In-Silico Finite Element Approach. Materials. 2022; 15(15):5365. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155365
Chicago/Turabian StyleChekotu, Josiah Cherian, David Kinahan, Russell Goodall, and Dermot Brabazon. 2022. "Influence of Structural Porosity and Martensite Evolution on Mechanical Characteristics of Nitinol via In-Silico Finite Element Approach" Materials 15, no. 15: 5365. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155365