Qualitative Differences and Emission Persistence of Volatile Organic Compounds from Bio-Based Particleboards
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Raw Lignocellulosics
2.2. SE Pretreatment
2.3. Preparation of Board Samples
2.3.1. Binder-Less Board Fabrication
2.3.2. Fabrication of Suberinic Acids-Bonded Particleboard (SA-PB)
2.3.3. Control Board Sample
2.4. Determination of VOCs by SPME-GC-TOF-MS Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Qualitative Composition of the VOCs from the Obtained Bio-Based Boards
3.2. Quantitative VOC Differences between the Bio-Based Boards
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Lignocellulosic | Density, kg m−3 | Thickness, mm | Pressing T, °C | Pressing τ, min | Overlaying |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HS 800-6 | Hemp shives | 800 | 6 | 220 | 10 | – |
HS 800-6L | Hemp shives | 800 | 6 | 220 | 10 | + |
HS 800-12 | Hemp shives | 800 | 12 | 210 | 15 | – |
HS 1200 | Hemp shives | 1200 | 6 | 175 | 16 | – |
WS 800-6 | Wheat straw | 800 | 6 | 220 | 15 | – |
WS 800-6L | Wheat straw | 800 | 6 | 220 | 15 | + |
WS 800-12 | Wheat straw | 800 | 12 | 205 | 18 | – |
WS 1200 | Wheat straw | 1200 | 6 | 160 | 12 | – |
GA 700 | Grey alder | 700 | 6 | 180 | 16 | – |
GA 1300 | Grey alder | 1300 | 6 | 150 | 16 | – |
B 700 | Birch | 700 | 6 | 180 | 16 | – |
B 1300 | Birch | 1300 | 6 | 160 | 16 | – |
SA-PB | Birch | 800 | 15 | 226 | 9.5 | – |
Commercial PB | Softwood | 650 | 12 | 235–220 | 1 | – |
Compound | RIlit [24] | RIexp | HS 800-6 | HS 800-6L | HS 800-12 | HS 1200 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acetic acid | 580–660 | 666 | 16.7 ± 1.3 | 34.1 ± 5.7 | 10.5 ± 4.2 | 28.2 ± 4.1 |
Furfural | 782–847 | 854 | 54.8 ± 5.1 | 24.6 ± 4.1 | 68.4 ± 6.3 | 56.0 ± 1.2 |
2-furanmethanol | 863-880 | 874 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | 11.7 ± 3.7 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.8 |
1,3-propanediol | 793–820 | 890 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | <0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.3 |
γ-butyrolactone | 908–938 | 940 | 3.8 ± 0.1 | 11.8 ± 3.3 | 3.8 ± 1.5 | 1.7 ± 1.0 |
5-methylfurfural | 976–990 | 979 | 15.6 ± 1.4 | 4.0 ± 0.8 | 9.9 ± 3.2 | 4.7 ± 0.1 |
Summed area (peak number) | – | – | 94.1 (6/66) | 86.8 (6/86) | 94.4 (5/56) | 94.1 (6/99) |
Compound | RIlit [24] | RIexp | WS 800-6 | WS 800-6L | WS 800-12 | WS 1200 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acetic acid | 580–660 | 666 | 30.0 ± 3.8 | 30.6 ± 4.1 | 27.1 ± 4.4 | 24.3 ± 1.7 |
Furfural | 782–847 | 854 | 47.0 ± 7.9 | 54.8 ± 6.2 | 28.8 ± 4.4 | 45.2 ± 4.9 |
2-furanmethanol | 863-880 | 874 | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 9.4 ± 3.5 | 6.8 ± 3.0 |
1,3-propanediol | 793–820 | 890 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 1.1 |
γ-butyrolactone | 908–938 | 940 | 5.3 ± 3.0 | 2.4 ± 0.6 | 10.0 ± 3.4 | 2.9 ± 0.4 |
5-methylfurfural | 976–990 | 979 | 9.9 ± 1.5 | 5.9 ± 2.0 | 8.6 ± 2.0 | 3.3 ± 0.2 |
Summed area (peak number) | – | – | 97.4 (6/76) | 95.7 (6/61) | 85.6 (6/85) | 85.2 (6/165) |
Compound | RIlit [24] | RIexp | GA 700 | GA 1300 | B 700 | B 1300 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acetic acid | 580–660 | 666 | 47.3 ± 6.1 | 61.9 ± 4.6 | 45.9 ± 9.4 | 42.3 ± 6.2 |
Furfural | 782–847 | 854 | 31.6 ± 10.0 | 29.9 ± 5.2 | 31.8 ± 8.2 | 51.3 ± 6.6 |
γ-butyrolactone | 861–914 | 940 | <0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | <0.5 |
5-methylfurfural | 976–990 | 979 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.2 |
Summed area (peak number) | – | – | 82.5 (3/42) | 93.6 (4/41) | 82.9 (4/31) | 94.0 (3/30) |
Compound | RIlit [24] | RIexp | SA-PB | Commercial PB |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acetic acid | 580–660 | 666 | 14.8 ± 10.1 | 5.2 ± 1.6 |
Hexanal | 762–822 | 813 | <0.5 | 13.2 ± 5.7 |
Furfural | 782–847 | 854 | 21.8 ± 11.0 | <0.5 |
Heptanal | 856–909 | 913 | n 1 | 0.9 ± 0.4 |
α-pinene | 923–934 | 934 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 38.7 ± 16.2 |
5-methylfurfural | 976–990 | 979 | 13.1 ± 1.9 | n |
1,2,4-trimethylbenzene | 956–1013 | 999 | 1.9 ± 0.3 | n |
Sylvestrene | 1016–1018 | 1033 | <0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.3 |
Nonanal | 1069–1130 | 1114 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.7 |
Verbenone | 1164–1217 | 1224 | n | 0.8 ± 0.2 |
Summed area (peak number) | – | – | 53.4 (6/49) | 62.7 (7/62) |
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Tupciauskas, R.; Meile, K.; Godina, D.; Rizhikovs, J.; Syrpas, M.; Venskutonis, P.R. Qualitative Differences and Emission Persistence of Volatile Organic Compounds from Bio-Based Particleboards. Materials 2022, 15, 5278. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155278
Tupciauskas R, Meile K, Godina D, Rizhikovs J, Syrpas M, Venskutonis PR. Qualitative Differences and Emission Persistence of Volatile Organic Compounds from Bio-Based Particleboards. Materials. 2022; 15(15):5278. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155278
Chicago/Turabian StyleTupciauskas, Ramunas, Kristine Meile, Daniela Godina, Janis Rizhikovs, Michail Syrpas, and Petras Rimantas Venskutonis. 2022. "Qualitative Differences and Emission Persistence of Volatile Organic Compounds from Bio-Based Particleboards" Materials 15, no. 15: 5278. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155278