Process Parameter Modeling and Optimization of Abrasive Water Jet Dressing Fixed-Abrasive Pad Based on Box–Behnken Design
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiments
2.1. Experimental Materials
2.2. Experimental Setup
2.3. Experimental Design
2.4. Evaluation Indicators
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Experimental Results and Regression Equations
3.2. Material Removal Rate Model and Its Analysis
3.2.1. ANOVA and Significance Testing of the Material Removal Rate Model
3.2.2. Composite Analysis of the Main Factors Affecting the Material Removal Rate of Quartz Glass
3.3. The Surface Morphology of FAP and Quartz Glass
3.4. Parameter Optimization and Validation
4. Conclusions
- The response surface and contour map can accurately analyze the jet system’s best range of process parameters, and when combined with the regression model, can optimize the process parameters of the jet system.
- After optimization, the best process parameters corresponding to quartz glass’s maximum material removal rate are jet pressure 3.8 MPa, abrasive concentration 3%, and nozzle angle 73°. That is, these process parameters are the best FAP dressing process parameters.
- By substituting the predicted optimal process parameters into the regression model, the predicted material removal rate of quartz glass is 464.574 nm/min. The experimental results show that the actual material removal rate of quartz glass is 469.136 nm/min. The predicted results are very close to the actual experimental results, except for a difference of 4.562 nm/min.
- The response surface model established in this paper has high accuracy and can be used to predict the results of an abrasive water jet dressing FAP.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Properties | Value |
---|---|
Density | 2.20–2.21 g/cm3 |
Mohs hardness | 6.0–7.0 |
Elasticity modulus | 77.8 GPa |
Poisson ratio | 0.14–0.17 |
Breaking tenacity | 0.75–0.80 MPa·m1/2 |
Lapping Pressure | Types of Abrasive Fluids | Abrasive Fluid Flow Rate | Lapping Speed | Lapping Time |
---|---|---|---|---|
27 KPa | Deionized water | 50 mL/min | 100 r/min | 30 min |
Factor Encoded Value | Jet Pressure A/MPa | Abrasive Concentration B/% | Sprinkler Angle C/° |
---|---|---|---|
Up level (+1) | 5 | 7 | 80 |
Lower level (−1) | 3 | 3 | 60 |
Zero level (0) | 4 | 5 | 70 |
Change radius ∆i | 1 | 2 | 10 |
Abrasive Particle Size | Abrasive Flow Rate | FAP Rotate Speed | Traverse Velocity | Dressing Time | Abrasive Class |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
W3.5 | 102 g/min | 110 r/min | 2.5 mm/s | 5 min | Brown corundum |
Factors | Jet Pressure A/MPa | Abrasive Concentration B/% | Sprinkler Angle C/° | MRR/Nm/Min | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test Number | |||||
1 | −1 | −1 | 0 | 425.15 | |
2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 220.68 | |
3 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 308.64 | |
4 | 1 | −1 | 0 | 253.09 | |
5 | −1 | 1 | 0 | 229.17 | |
6 | 1 | 0 | −1 | 203.70 | |
7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 364.97 | |
8 | −1 | 0 | −1 | 198.30 | |
9 | 0 | −1 | −1 | 418.98 | |
10 | 0 | −1 | 1 | 401.23 | |
11 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 264.66 | |
12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 393.52 | |
13 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 250.00 | |
14 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 204.48 | |
15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 381.94 |
Source | Degrees of Freedom | Adj SS | Adj MS | F Value | p Value | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 9 | 101,251 | 11,250.1 | 12.36 | 0.006 | ** |
X1 | 1 | 6087 | 6087.4 | 6.69 | 0.049 | * |
X2 | 1 | 28,240 | 28,239.8 | 31.03 | 0.003 | ** |
X3 | 1 | 11 | 10.7 | 0.01 | 0.918 | |
Square | 3 | 59,403 | 19,800.9 | 21.76 | 0.003 | ** |
X12 | 1 | 49,847 | 49,847.3 | 54.77 | 0.001 | ** |
X22 | 1 | 1205 | 1205.4 | 1.32 | 0.302 | |
X32 | 1 | 9169 | 9169.1 | 10.07 | 0.025 | * |
Two-way interaction | 3 | 7510 | 2503.3 | 2.75 | 0.152 | |
X1 ∗ X2 | 1 | 6690 | 6689.6 | 7.35 | 0.042 | * |
X1 ∗ X3 | 1 | 648 | 648.4 | 0.71 | 0.437 | |
X2 ∗ X3 | 1 | 172 | 172.1 | 0.19 | 0.682 | |
Errors | 5 | 4551 | 910.1 | |||
Missing fit | 3 | 4138 | 1379.4 | 6.69 | 0.133 | |
Pure error | 2 | 412 | 206.2 | |||
Total | 14 | 105,801 | ||||
= 0.8796 |
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Wang, Z.; Wang, S.; Ding, Y.; Yang, Y.; Ma, L.; Pang, M.; Han, J.; Su, J. Process Parameter Modeling and Optimization of Abrasive Water Jet Dressing Fixed-Abrasive Pad Based on Box–Behnken Design. Materials 2022, 15, 5251. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155251
Wang Z, Wang S, Ding Y, Yang Y, Ma L, Pang M, Han J, Su J. Process Parameter Modeling and Optimization of Abrasive Water Jet Dressing Fixed-Abrasive Pad Based on Box–Behnken Design. Materials. 2022; 15(15):5251. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155251
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Zhankui, Shiwei Wang, Yangyang Ding, Yakun Yang, Lijie Ma, Minghua Pang, Jianhai Han, and Jianxiu Su. 2022. "Process Parameter Modeling and Optimization of Abrasive Water Jet Dressing Fixed-Abrasive Pad Based on Box–Behnken Design" Materials 15, no. 15: 5251. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155251