Elevated-Temperature Performance, Combustibility and Fire Propagation Index of Fly Ash-Metakaolin Blend Geopolymers with Addition of Monoaluminium Phosphate (MAP) and Aluminum Dihydrogen Triphosphate (ATP)

Zulkifly, Khairunnisa; Cheng-Yong, Heah; Yun-Ming, Liew; Bayuaji, Ridho; Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri; Ahmad, Shamsul Bin; Stachowiak, Tomasz; Szmidla, Janusz; Gondro, Joanna; Jeż, Bartłomiej; Khalid, Mohd Suhaimi Bin; Garus, Sebastian; Shee-Ween, Ong; Wan-En, Ooi; Hui-Teng, Ng

doi:10.3390/ma14081973

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Elevated-Temperature Performance, Combustibility and Fire Propagation Index of Fly Ash-Metakaolin Blend Geopolymers with Addition of Monoaluminium Phosphate (MAP) and Aluminum Dihydrogen Triphosphate (ATP)

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⁴,

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

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⁵,

⁶,

⁶

⁷

⁷,

Mohd Suhaimi Bin Khalid

⁵,

⁶

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Geopolymer and Green Technology, Center of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Malaysia

Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 01000, Malaysia

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 02600, Malaysia

⁴

Department of Civil Infrastructure Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia

⁵

Sultan Azlan Shah Power Station, TNB Janamanjung Sdn. Bhd, Seri Manjung, Perak 32040, Malaysia

⁶

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42201 Częstochowa, Poland

⁷

Department of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42201 Częstochowa, Poland

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editor: Thomas Walter Cornelius

Materials 2021, 14(8), 1973; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081973

Received: 4 February 2021 / Revised: 9 April 2021 / Accepted: 11 April 2021 / Published: 15 April 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties of Amorphous Materials and Nanomaterials)

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Abstract

Thermal performance, combustibility, and fire propagation of fly ash-metakaolin (FA-MK) blended geopolymer with the addition of aluminum triphosphate, ATP (Al(H₂PO₄)₃), and monoaluminium phosphate, MAP (AlPO₄) were evaluated in this paper. To prepare the geopolymer mix, fly ash and metakaolin with a ratio of 1:1 were added with ATP and MAP in a range of 0–3% by weight. The fire/heat resistance was evaluated by comparing the residual compressive strengths after the elevated temperature exposure. Besides, combustibility and fire propagation tests were conducted to examine the thermal performance and the applicability of the geopolymers as passive fire protection. Experimental results revealed that the blended geopolymers with 1 wt.% of ATP and MAP exhibited higher compressive strength and denser geopolymer matrix than control geopolymers. The effect of ATP and MAP addition was more obvious in unheated geopolymer and little improvement was observed for geopolymer subjected to elevated temperature. ATP and MAP at 3 wt.% did not help in enhancing the elevated-temperature performance of blended geopolymers. Even so, all blended geopolymers, regardless of the addition of ATP and MAP, were regarded as the noncombustible materials with negligible (0–0.1) fire propagation index. View Full-Text

Keywords: blended geopolymer; thermal performance; aluminum phosphate; combustibility; fire propagation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zulkifly, K.; Cheng-Yong, H.; Yun-Ming, L.; Bayuaji, R.; Abdullah, M.M.A.B.; Ahmad, S.B.; Stachowiak, T.; Szmidla, J.; Gondro, J.; Jeż, B.; Khalid, M.S.B.; Garus, S.; Shee-Ween, O.; Wan-En, O.; Hui-Teng, N. Elevated-Temperature Performance, Combustibility and Fire Propagation Index of Fly Ash-Metakaolin Blend Geopolymers with Addition of Monoaluminium Phosphate (MAP) and Aluminum Dihydrogen Triphosphate (ATP). Materials 2021, 14, 1973. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081973

AMA Style

Zulkifly K, Cheng-Yong H, Yun-Ming L, Bayuaji R, Abdullah MMAB, Ahmad SB, Stachowiak T, Szmidla J, Gondro J, Jeż B, Khalid MSB, Garus S, Shee-Ween O, Wan-En O, Hui-Teng N. Elevated-Temperature Performance, Combustibility and Fire Propagation Index of Fly Ash-Metakaolin Blend Geopolymers with Addition of Monoaluminium Phosphate (MAP) and Aluminum Dihydrogen Triphosphate (ATP). Materials. 2021; 14(8):1973. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081973

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zulkifly, Khairunnisa, Heah Cheng-Yong, Liew Yun-Ming, Ridho Bayuaji, Mohd M.A.B. Abdullah, Shamsul B. Ahmad, Tomasz Stachowiak, Janusz Szmidla, Joanna Gondro, Bartłomiej Jeż, Mohd S.B. Khalid, Sebastian Garus, Ong Shee-Ween, Ooi Wan-En, and Ng Hui-Teng. 2021. "Elevated-Temperature Performance, Combustibility and Fire Propagation Index of Fly Ash-Metakaolin Blend Geopolymers with Addition of Monoaluminium Phosphate (MAP) and Aluminum Dihydrogen Triphosphate (ATP)" Materials 14, no. 8: 1973. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081973

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Elevated-Temperature Performance, Combustibility and Fire Propagation Index of Fly Ash-Metakaolin Blend Geopolymers with Addition of Monoaluminium Phosphate (MAP) and Aluminum Dihydrogen Triphosphate (ATP)

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