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Materials
Volume 14
Issue 3
10.3390/ma14030478
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Article

Effect of the Cross-Linking Density on the Swelling and Rheological Behavior of Ester-Bridged β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges

by
Gjylije Hoti
1,*,
Fabrizio Caldera
1,
Claudio Cecone
1,
Alberto Rubin Pedrazzo
1,
Anastasia Anceschi
1,2,
Silvia Lucia Appleton
1,
Yousef Khazaei Monfared
1 and
Francesco Trotta
1
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
2
CNR-STIIMA, Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, C.so Pella 16, 13900 Biella, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Georgios Bokias
Materials 2021, 14(3), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030478
Received: 31 October 2020 / Revised: 21 December 2020 / Accepted: 8 January 2021 / Published: 20 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels and Microgels)
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Abstract

The cross-linking density influences the physicochemical properties of cyclodextrin-based nanosponges (CD-NSs). Although the effect of the cross-linker type and content on the NSs performance has been investigated, a detailed study of the cross-linking density has never been performed. In this contribution, nine ester-bridged NSs based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and different quantities of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), used as a cross-linking agent in stoichiometric proportions of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 moles of PMDA for each mole of CD, were synthesized and characterized in terms of swelling and rheological properties. The results, from the swelling experiments, exploiting Flory–Rehner theory, and rheology, strongly showed a cross-linker content-dependent behavior. The study of cross-linking density allowed to shed light on the efficiency of the synthesis reaction methods. Overall, our study demonstrates that by varying the amount of cross-linking agent, the cross-linked structure of the NSs matrix can be controlled effectively. As PMDA βCD-NSs have emerged over the years as a highly versatile class of materials with potential applications in various fields, this study represents the first step towards a full understanding of the correlation between their structure and properties, which is a key requirement to effectively tune their synthesis reaction in view of any specific future application or industrial scale-up. View Full-Text
Keywords: β-cyclodextrin nanosponges; swelling capacity; cross-linking density; Flory–Rehner theory; rheology β-cyclodextrin nanosponges; swelling capacity; cross-linking density; Flory–Rehner theory; rheology
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hoti, G.; Caldera, F.; Cecone, C.; Rubin Pedrazzo, A.; Anceschi, A.; Appleton, S.L.; Khazaei Monfared, Y.; Trotta, F. Effect of the Cross-Linking Density on the Swelling and Rheological Behavior of Ester-Bridged β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges. Materials 2021, 14, 478. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030478

AMA Style

Hoti G, Caldera F, Cecone C, Rubin Pedrazzo A, Anceschi A, Appleton SL, Khazaei Monfared Y, Trotta F. Effect of the Cross-Linking Density on the Swelling and Rheological Behavior of Ester-Bridged β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges. Materials. 2021; 14(3):478. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030478

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hoti, Gjylije, Fabrizio Caldera, Claudio Cecone, Alberto Rubin Pedrazzo, Anastasia Anceschi, Silvia L. Appleton, Yousef Khazaei Monfared, and Francesco Trotta. 2021. "Effect of the Cross-Linking Density on the Swelling and Rheological Behavior of Ester-Bridged β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges" Materials 14, no. 3: 478. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030478

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