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10.3390/ma14237484
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Article

The Effect of Graphite Additives on Magnetization, Resistivity and Electrical Conductivity of Magnetorheological Plastomer

by
Nursyafiqah Zaini
1,
Norzilawati Mohamad
2,
Saiful Amri Mazlan
1,3,*,
Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz
1,
Seung-Bok Choi
4,5,*,
Norhiwani Mohd Hapipi
1,
Nur Azmah Nordin
1,
Nurhazimah Nazmi
1 and
Ubaidillah Ubaidillah
6,*
1
Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysian-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
2
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
3
Institute for Vehicle Systems and Engineering (IVeSE), Sultan Ibrahim Chancellery Building, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Iman, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The State University of New York, Korea (SUNY Korea), 119 Songdo Moonhwa-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Korea
5
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City (IUH), 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
6
Mechanical Engineering Department, Universitas Sebelas Maret, J1. Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentigan, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2021, 14(23), 7484; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237484
Submission received: 29 October 2021 / Revised: 22 November 2021 / Accepted: 28 November 2021 / Published: 6 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanofabrication, Characterization and Application of Magnetic Functional Materials)
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Abstract

Common sensors in many applications are in the form of rigid devices that can react according to external stimuli. However, a magnetorheological plastomer (MRP) can offer a new type of sensing capability, as it is flexible in shape, soft, and responsive to an external magnetic field. In this study, graphite (Gr) particles are introduced into an MRP as an additive, to investigate the advantages of its electrical properties in MRPs, such as conductivity, which is absolutely required in a potential sensor. As a first step to achieve this, MRP samples containing carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) and various amounts of of Gr, from 0 to 10 wt.%, are prepared, and their magnetic-field-dependent electrical properties are experimentally evaluated. After the morphological aspect of Gr–MRP is characterized using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), the magnetic properties of MRP and Gr–MRP are evaluated via a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The resistivities of the Gr–MRP samples are then tested under various applied magnetic flux densities, showing that the resistivity of Gr–MRP decreases with increasing of Gr content up to 10 wt.%. In addition, the electrical conductivity is tested using a test rig, showing that the conductivity increases as the amount of Gr additive increases, up to 10 wt.%. The conductivity of 10 wt.% Gr–MRP is found to be highest, at 178.06% higher than the Gr–MRP with 6 wt.%, for a magnetic flux density of 400 mT. It is observed that with the addition of Gr, the conductivity properties are improved with increases in the magnetic flux density, which could contribute to the potential usefulness of these materials as sensing detection devices.
Keywords: magnetorheological plastomer; graphite; magnetic property; resistivity; conductivity magnetorheological plastomer; graphite; magnetic property; resistivity; conductivity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zaini, N.; Mohamad, N.; Mazlan, S.A.; Abdul Aziz, S.A.; Choi, S.-B.; Hapipi, N.M.; Nordin, N.A.; Nazmi, N.; Ubaidillah, U. The Effect of Graphite Additives on Magnetization, Resistivity and Electrical Conductivity of Magnetorheological Plastomer. Materials 2021, 14, 7484. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237484

AMA Style

Zaini N, Mohamad N, Mazlan SA, Abdul Aziz SA, Choi S-B, Hapipi NM, Nordin NA, Nazmi N, Ubaidillah U. The Effect of Graphite Additives on Magnetization, Resistivity and Electrical Conductivity of Magnetorheological Plastomer. Materials. 2021; 14(23):7484. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237484

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zaini, Nursyafiqah, Norzilawati Mohamad, Saiful Amri Mazlan, Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz, Seung-Bok Choi, Norhiwani Mohd Hapipi, Nur Azmah Nordin, Nurhazimah Nazmi, and Ubaidillah Ubaidillah. 2021. "The Effect of Graphite Additives on Magnetization, Resistivity and Electrical Conductivity of Magnetorheological Plastomer" Materials 14, no. 23: 7484. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237484

APA Style

Zaini, N., Mohamad, N., Mazlan, S. A., Abdul Aziz, S. A., Choi, S.-B., Hapipi, N. M., Nordin, N. A., Nazmi, N., & Ubaidillah, U. (2021). The Effect of Graphite Additives on Magnetization, Resistivity and Electrical Conductivity of Magnetorheological Plastomer. Materials, 14(23), 7484. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237484

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