Active Double-Layered Films Enriched with AgNPs in Great Water Dock Root and Pu-Erh Extracts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Plant Extracts
2.3. Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis (AgNPs)
2.4. Double-Layered Film Preparation
2.5. UV-Vis Spectroscopy Analysis
2.6. Particle Size and Zeta Potential
2.7. X-ray Diffraction Patterns (XRD)
2.8. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.9. Colour Parameters
2.10. Water Vapour Transmission Rate (WVTR)
2.11. Determination of Contact Angle
2.12. Thermal Properties
2.13. Antioxidant Activity Measured via FRAP Method
2.14. Antimicrobial Measurements
2.15. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. UV-Visible Spectral Study
3.2. Dynamic Light Scattering Analysis
3.3. Characterization of Double-Layered Films with AgNPs-Great Water Dock Root and AgNPs-Pu-Erh Extracts
3.4. SEM Analysis
3.5. Physical Properties of Tested Films
3.6. Antioxidant Activity of the Tested Films
3.7. Antimicrobial Activity of the Tested Films
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control | 5% KB | 10% KB | 15% KB | 5% PE | 10% PE | 15% PE | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
COLOUR PROPERTIES | |||||||
L* | 89.78 g ± 0.23 | 77.76 f ± 0.52 | 66.13 e ± 0.34 | 61.89 d ± 0.86 | 55.06 c ± 0.42 | 41.00 b ± 0.76 | 35.52 a ± 0.24 |
a* | −1.87 a ± 0.04 | 9.17 b ± 0.23 | 24.37 e ± 0.38 | 26.22 f ± 0.54 | 20.51 d ± 0.10 | 20.38 d ± 0.93 | 14.94 c ± 0.33 |
b* | 23.86 c ± 0.94 | 45.86 e ± 1.51 | 55.07 f ± 0.52 | 55.12 f ± 0.66 | 33.84 d ± 0.53 | 21.22 b ± 1.22 | 12.93 a ± 0.34 |
ΔE | - | 27.40 | 46.30 | 49.63 | 23.07 | 39.91 | 50.67 |
Appearance | |||||||
THERMAL PROPERTIES | |||||||
Peak temperature (Tm) (°C) | 182.8 ab ± 2.3 | 178.2 a ± 4.8 | 189.3 bc ± 8.7 | 191.4 c ± 2.4 | 198.4 d ± 1.7 | 202.8 d ± 1.0 | 205.5 d ± 0.7 |
Enthalpy (ΔHm) (J/g) | 235.3 ab ± 1.5 | 249.1 b ± 3.9 | 237.6 ab ± 6.4 | 249.5 b ± 15.1 | 227.3 a ± 8.4 | 237.0 ab ± 15.7 | 227.5 a ± 5.0 |
WATER PROPERTIES | |||||||
WVTR [g/m2× d] | 840.59 a ± 48.07 | 886.9 b ± 24.63 | 894.77 b ± 13.29 | 921.66 bc ± 14.94 | 941.41 c ± 14.04 | 967.87 c ± 18.53 | 944.42 c ± 46.29 |
WCA [°] | CHIT+HGEL | CHIT+HGEL | CHIT+HGEL | CHIT+HGEL | CHIT+HGEL | CHIT+HGEL | CHIT+HGEL |
91.26 f ± 1.44 | 88.96 e ± 0.38 | 88.27 de ± 0.64 | 88.08 cd ± 0.43 | 87.46 c ± 0.77 | 85.70 b ± 1.09 | 81.08 a ± 1.29 | |
FUR | FUR + 5% KB | FUR + 10% KB | FUR + 15% KB | FUR + 5% PE | FUR + 10% PE | FUR + 15% PE | |
86.34 a ± 0.23 | 86.32 a ± 1.11 | 87.57 b ± 1.16 | 88.98 b ± 0.39 | 91.86 c ± 0.59 | 94.11 d ± 0.60 | 94.68 d ± 0.70 | |
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY | |||||||
FRAP iron ion reduction capacity (mMTrolox/mg) | 1.55 a ± 0.29 | 2.37 b ± 0.22 | 5.71 d ± 0.34 | 8.32 f ± 0.78 | 2.86 b ± 0.44 | 3.92 c ± 0.18 | 6.87 e ± 0.68 |
10% PE | 15% PE | 10% KB | 15% KB | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Staphylococcus aureus | ||||
very good effect with broad inhibition zone ZOI *-20 mm | very good effect with broad inhibition zone ZOI-16 mm | very good effect with broad inhibition zone ZOI-17 mm | very good effect with broad inhibition zone ZOI-17 mm | |
Escherichia coli | ||||
very good effect with colony growth inside inhibition zone ZOI-17 mm (13 mm internal zone) | very good effect with colony growth inside inhibition zone ZOI-16 mm | very good effect with colony growth inside inhibition zone ZOI-16 mm | very good effect with colony growth inside inhibition zone ZOI-16 mm | |
Salmonella enterica | ||||
very good effect with colony growth inside inhibition zone ZOI-17 mm (13 mm internal zone) | very good effect with colony growth inside inhibition zone ZOI-16 mm (13 mm internal zone) | very good effect with colony growth inside inhibition zone ZOI-17 mm | very good effect with colony growth inside inhibition zone ZOI-17 mm (14 mm internal) | |
Enterococcus faecalis | ||||
very good effect with broad inhibition zone ZOI-16 mm | very good effect with narrow inhibition zone ZOI-14 mm | very good effect with narrow inhibition zone ZOI-13 mm | very good effect with narrow inhibition zone ZOI-13 mm | |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||||
very good effect with broad inhibition zone ZOI-21 mm | very good effect with broad inhibition zone ZOI-19 mm | very good effect with broad inhibition zone ZOI-20 mm | very good effect with broad inhibition zone ZOI-21 mm | |
Candida krusei | ||||
very good effect with broad inhibition zone ZOI-17 mm | very good effect with narrow inhibition zone ZOI-11 mm | very good effect with narrow inhibition zone ZOI-12 mm | very good effect with broad inhibition zone ZOI-15 mm |
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Jamróz, E.; Cabaj, A.; Juszczak, L.; Tkaczewska, J.; Zimowska, M.; Cholewa-Wójcik, A.; Krzyściak, P.; Kopel, P. Active Double-Layered Films Enriched with AgNPs in Great Water Dock Root and Pu-Erh Extracts. Materials 2021, 14, 6925. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226925
Jamróz E, Cabaj A, Juszczak L, Tkaczewska J, Zimowska M, Cholewa-Wójcik A, Krzyściak P, Kopel P. Active Double-Layered Films Enriched with AgNPs in Great Water Dock Root and Pu-Erh Extracts. Materials. 2021; 14(22):6925. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226925
Chicago/Turabian StyleJamróz, Ewelina, Agnieszka Cabaj, Lesław Juszczak, Joanna Tkaczewska, Małgorzata Zimowska, Agnieszka Cholewa-Wójcik, Paweł Krzyściak, and Pavel Kopel. 2021. "Active Double-Layered Films Enriched with AgNPs in Great Water Dock Root and Pu-Erh Extracts" Materials 14, no. 22: 6925. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226925