Shape Memory and Mechanical Properties of Cold Rolled and Annealed Fe-17Mn-5Si-5Cr-4Ni-1Ti-0.3C Alloy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Microstructures
3.2. Shape Recovery Behavior
3.3. Mechanical Properties
4. Summary
- The Fe-SMA containing TiC showed a strong work hardening capability. The Fe-SMA cold-rolled to 10% reduction of the thickness exhibited a yield strength over 900 MPa, which is more than 1.5 times larger than the strength of the same hot-rolled alloy.
- The alloy in the as-rolled state exhibited very small shape recovery, i.e., less than 0.5% while heating to 400 °C. This result indicates that microstructural defects such as dislocations and shear bands produced during the severe plastic deformation by cold-rolling suppressed the γ to ε phase transformation. When the heat-treated alloy was annealing heat-treated, pronounced shape recovery took place. Increasing the annealing temperature resulted in a sharp increase in the shape recovery and then a decrease due to recrystallization.
- When the alloy was annealing heat-treated at a temperature range of 500–700 °C, there were strong {111}//RD and {100}//RD crystallographic textures due to the severe cold-rolling process. The intensities of the textures decreased when the alloy was annealed at above 800 °C due to the recrystallization. However, the texture effect was not prominent in determining the recovery strain.
- The hardness and the yield strength of the alloy gradually decreased with increasing annealing temperature. In reviewing the application of this alloy as a prestressing reinforcement of concrete structures, annealing at 500 or 600 °C seems to be effective in obtaining a large recovery stress. In these annealing conditions, a good combination of yield strength near 700 MPa and ductility higher than 20% are obtained.
- The largest shape recovery was obtained by annealing the alloy at 700 °C. In this condition, the Fe-SMA exhibited a large recovery strain of up to 2.5%, comparably low yield strength of approximately 500 MPa, and excellent ductility over 30%. This annealing condition would be favored for the applications where a large shape recovery is required, e.g., for joint components or pipe clamping.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Elements | Fe | Mn | Si | Cr | Ni | Ti | C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Contents (wt.%) | balance | 17 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0.3 |
EBSD Phase Fraction (%). | As-Rolled | 500-HT | 600-HT | 700-HT | 800-HT | 900-HT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
γ-austenite | 37.52 | 32.00 | 53.71 | 58.54 | 63.52 | 65.51 |
ε-martensite | 0.16 | 0.72 | 0.29 | 0.78 | 8.81 | 10.86 |
α′-martensite | 0.86 | 0.7 | 0.54 | 1.18 | 0.71 | 0.57 |
Non-indexed | 61.45 | 66.55 | 45.45 | 39.50 | 26.96 | 23.05 |
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Kim, D.; Hong, K.; Sim, J.; Lee, J.; Lee, W. Shape Memory and Mechanical Properties of Cold Rolled and Annealed Fe-17Mn-5Si-5Cr-4Ni-1Ti-0.3C Alloy. Materials 2021, 14, 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020255
Kim D, Hong K, Sim J, Lee J, Lee W. Shape Memory and Mechanical Properties of Cold Rolled and Annealed Fe-17Mn-5Si-5Cr-4Ni-1Ti-0.3C Alloy. Materials. 2021; 14(2):255. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020255
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Dohyung, Kinam Hong, Jeesoo Sim, Junghoon Lee, and Wookjin Lee. 2021. "Shape Memory and Mechanical Properties of Cold Rolled and Annealed Fe-17Mn-5Si-5Cr-4Ni-1Ti-0.3C Alloy" Materials 14, no. 2: 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020255