Estimation of Phase Ratio in Bulk, Textured TWIP/TRIP Steels from Pole Figures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Two-Phase Powder Mixtures
3.2. Bulk Tensile Tested TWIP/TRIP Steels
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The phase ratio determination method proposed by Wassermann and Grewen can be simplified by determining the intensities of the pole figures instead of calculating the texture-free (random) intensities, and by omitting the “sinα” multiplier term, which has no reasonable role in the calculation.
- (2)
- The revised method can be realized on non-transmittable, bulk steel samples through X-ray diffraction pole figure measurements performed in the reflection mode up to 75° tilting.
- (3)
- In the case of texture-free powder samples, the results of the revised method were in good agreement with the results of the Rietveld refinement method.
- (4)
- In the case of steels showing both TWIP and TRIP behaviour, it was found that at lower tensile test temperatures, the relative amount of α′ martensite is larger than at higher test temperatures, while the amount of austenite varies inversely. The UTS values correlate well with the relative amount of α′ martensite, which is linked to the strengthening effect of α′ martensite.
- (5)
- It was concluded that in cases when every pole is within the realized tilting range, the revised method can be applied in the reflection mode of XRD pole-figure measurements to estimate the phase ratios of bulk specimens.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Steel Type | Composition, wt% | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | Mn | Cr | Si | S | |
Steel 0.07 | 0.03 | 18.00 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
Steel 2.26 | 0.03 | 17.70 | 2.26 | 0.10 | 0.03 |
Steel 6.12 | 0.08 | 17.70 | 6.12 | 0.06 | 0.03 |
α′ Content, V/V% | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rietveld | Waasermann & Grewen | Revised | |||
Measured | Error | Calculated | Δ | Calculated | Δ |
17.0 | 4.15 | 29.9 | 12.9 | 24.6 | 7.6 |
36.7 | 3.17 | 50.7 | 14.0 | 47.2 | 10.5 |
53.4 | 2.67 | 61.3 | 7.9 | 59.6 | 6.2 |
72.6 | 3.63 | 72.7 | 0.1 | 75.5 | 2.98 |
78.8 | 3.94 | 76.7 | 2.1 | 76.7 | 2.1 |
83.4 | 4.17 | 88.0 | 4.6 | 87.9 | 4.5 |
85.4 | 4.27 | 83.9 | 1.5 | 85.3 | 0.1 |
91.6 | 4.58 | 92.7 | 1.1 | 93.7 | 2.1 |
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Benke, M.; Hlavacs, A.; Kristaly, F.; Sepsi, M.; Mertinger, V. Estimation of Phase Ratio in Bulk, Textured TWIP/TRIP Steels from Pole Figures. Materials 2021, 14, 4132. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154132
Benke M, Hlavacs A, Kristaly F, Sepsi M, Mertinger V. Estimation of Phase Ratio in Bulk, Textured TWIP/TRIP Steels from Pole Figures. Materials. 2021; 14(15):4132. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154132
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenke, Marton, Adrienn Hlavacs, Ferenc Kristaly, Mate Sepsi, and Valeria Mertinger. 2021. "Estimation of Phase Ratio in Bulk, Textured TWIP/TRIP Steels from Pole Figures" Materials 14, no. 15: 4132. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154132