Characterization of Desulfurized Crumb Rubber/Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene Composite Modified Asphalt Based on Rheological Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Asphalt Samples
2.3. Laboratory Tests
2.3.1. Bending Beam Rheometer Test
2.3.2. Linear Amplitude Sweep Test
2.3.3. Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test
2.4. Rheological Models for Characterizing Asphalt Binders
2.4.1. Burgers’ Model
2.4.2. Kelvin–Voigt Model
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Traditional Performance Test
Test Index | 70# | J-20 | M-20 | M-25 | M-15MINS | M-45MINS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25 °C Penetration/mm | 61 | 57.5 | 56 | 55.43 | 55.67 | 58.7 |
5 °C Ductility/cm | 25 | 38.2 | 59.6 | 56.3 | 57.8 | 62 |
Softening point/°C | 54.8 | 65.1 | 80.75 | 86.5 | 75.5 | 87.1 |
3.2. Rheological Properties
3.2.1. Bending Beam Rheometer Test Results
3.2.2. Linear Amplitude Sweep Test Results
3.2.3. Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test Results
3.3. Viscoelasticity Analysis Based on Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test
3.3.1. Burgers’ Model Fitting Results
3.3.2. Kelvin–Voigt Model Fitting Results
Parameters | M-45MINS | J-20 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
70 °C | 76 °C | 82 °C | 70 °C | 76 °C | 82 °C | |
B | 0.04188 | 0.06221 | 0.08895 | 0.36835 | 0.60998 | 0.84986 |
C | 0.58801 | 0.60414 | 0.62757 | 1.01302 | 1.02523 | 0.98769 |
D | 2.51056 | 3.8495 | 9.94901 | 59.20465 | 187.36224 | 514.839 |
E | 18.41396 | 18.29115 | 24.90884 | 32.00404 | 46.03671 | 65.2637 |
G1 | 1.03109 | 0.74513 | 0.75977 | 0.52863 | 0.50518 | 0.57031 |
G2 | 0.67731 | 0.44075 | 0.4745 | 0.33085 | 0.31722 | 0.36266 |
G3 | −0.11469 | −0.11445 | −0.08411 | −0.02759 | −0.01106 | −0.0026 |
PS | 3.20959 | 4.5752 | 6.36363 | 8.36741 | 8.83956 | 4.97893 |
4. Conclusions
- As a result of the CR chain inserted into the SBS crosslinking network and the low flow capacity of rubber, all of the modified asphalts were found to have higher ductility and softening points than the base asphalt. The force chemical reactor may strengthen this crosslinking effect. However, both CR and SBS copolymer were shown to selectively absorb the light fraction of the base asphalt, resulting in the decrease of penetration degree.
- The BBR test showed that the high resilience and viscoelasticity of rubber facilitates low-temperature deformation of CR/SBS composite modified asphalt. Desulfurized CR/SBS modifier and its force chemical preparation method were found to be more effective than conventional CR/SBS modifier in improving the asphalt behavior at low temperatures. TLG can be used as an index for evaluating the low-temperature crack resistance of desulfurized CR/SBS composite modified asphalts.
- The results of LAS tests indicated that both the desulfurization of CR and force chemical reactor time successfully enhanced the fatigue resistance of asphalt, because the change in the microstructure of CR makes it absorb more light components, which is beneficial for resisting fatigue disease. The fatigue resistance of M-45MINS modified asphalt was superior to those of other modified asphalts.
- Comparing the MSCR tests in different temperatures and at different addition levels of CR, the desulfurization of CR and force chemical reactor time mitigate the Jnr and R values. However, modified asphalt is not sensitive to temperature and CR content at low stress levels.
- Rheological modeling of the creep-recovery behavior of desulfurized CR/SBS composite modified asphalt suggests that an increase in both temperature and stress level significantly affect the four Burgers’ model parameters. Consequently, the high-temperature stability of the asphalt decreases. In addition, the nonlinear viscoelastic characterization of the MSCR curve based on the Kelvin–Voigt model verify the Burgers’ model fitting results’ accuracy.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Asphalt Type | Proportion of Modifier | Force Chemical Reactor Time |
---|---|---|
70# | - | - |
J-20 | 4% SBS + 20% rubber | - |
M-20 | 4% SBS + 20% desulfurized rubber | 30 min |
M-25 | 4% SBS + 25% desulfurized rubber | 30 min |
M-15MINS | 4% SBS + 20% desulfurized rubber | 15 min |
M-45MINS | 4% SBS + 20% desulfurized rubber | 45 min |
Asphalt Type | J-20 | M-20 | M-25 | M-15MINS | M-45MINS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
−25.58 | −24.73 | −24.32 | −24.77 | −25.43 | |
−21.44 | −21.49 | −22.84 | −21.23 | −23.97 | |
−21.44 | −21.49 | −22.84 | −21.23 | −23.97 |
Items | Stress | Temperature | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
70 °C | 76 °C | 82 °C | ||
M-45MINS | 0.1 kPa | 8.49% | 7.33% | 6.26% |
3.2 kPa | 8.12% | 6.36% | 0.68% | |
J-20 | 0.1 kPa | 2.16% | 0.14% | 0.02% |
3.2 kPa | 0.01% | 0 | 0 |
Stress | Temperature | M-45MINS | J-20 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E1 | E2 | η1 | η2 | E1 | E2 | η1 | η2 | ||
0.1 kPa | 70 °C | 36.06 | 16.22 | 30.37 | 71.33 | 4.41 | 3.16 | 7.17 | 28.67 |
76 °C | 32.01 | 16.40 | 2.18 | 60.55 | 2.68 | 1.99 | 4.5 | 22.02 | |
82 °C | 13.58 | 7.94 | 15.85 | 59.45 | 1.37 | 1.37 | 3.09 | 20.77 | |
3.2 kPa | 70 °C | 24.69 | 13.06 | 24.90 | 51.23 | 1.02 | 7.83 | 16.78 | 8.33 |
76 °C | 14.26 | 8.61 | 17.70 | 33.24 | 0.40 | 10.93 | 21.84 | 3.28 | |
82 °C | 2.60 | 8.55 | 17.06 | 19.67 | 0.18 | 16.28 | 30.50 | 1.53 |
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Yang, J.; Xu, G.; Kong, P.; Chen, X. Characterization of Desulfurized Crumb Rubber/Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene Composite Modified Asphalt Based on Rheological Properties. Materials 2021, 14, 3780. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143780
Yang J, Xu G, Kong P, Chen X. Characterization of Desulfurized Crumb Rubber/Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene Composite Modified Asphalt Based on Rheological Properties. Materials. 2021; 14(14):3780. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143780
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Jingyao, Gang Xu, Peipei Kong, and Xianhua Chen. 2021. "Characterization of Desulfurized Crumb Rubber/Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene Composite Modified Asphalt Based on Rheological Properties" Materials 14, no. 14: 3780. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143780