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10.3390/ma14123207
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Review

Three-Dimensional Zirconia-Based Scaffolds for Load-Bearing Bone-Regeneration Applications: Prospects and Challenges

by
Kumaresan Sakthiabirami
1,†,
Vaiyapuri Soundharrajan
2,†,
Jin-Ho Kang
1,
Yunzhi Peter Yang
3 and
Sang-Won Park
1,*
1
Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
3
Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5110, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These two authors equally contributed.
Materials 2021, 14(12), 3207; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14123207
Submission received: 11 May 2021 / Revised: 30 May 2021 / Accepted: 1 June 2021 / Published: 10 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zirconia and Innovative Biomaterials for Dental and Biomedical Applications)
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Abstract

The design of zirconia-based scaffolds using conventional techniques for bone-regeneration applications has been studied extensively. Similar to dental applications, the use of three-dimensional (3D) zirconia-based ceramics for bone tissue engineering (BTE) has recently attracted considerable attention because of their high mechanical strength and biocompatibility. However, techniques to fabricate zirconia-based scaffolds for bone regeneration are in a stage of infancy. Hence, the biological activities of zirconia-based ceramics for bone-regeneration applications have not been fully investigated, in contrast to the well-established calcium phosphate-based ceramics for bone-regeneration applications. This paper outlines recent research developments and challenges concerning numerous three-dimensional (3D) zirconia-based scaffolds and reviews the associated fundamental fabrication techniques, key 3D fabrication developments and practical encounters to identify the optimal 3D fabrication technique for obtaining 3D zirconia-based scaffolds suitable for real-world applications. This review mainly summarized the articles that focused on in vitro and in vivo studies along with the fundamental mechanical characterizations on the 3D zirconia-based scaffolds.
Keywords: 3D zirconia-based scaffold; bone-regeneration applications; composite; coating; fabrication techniques; bioceramics 3D zirconia-based scaffold; bone-regeneration applications; composite; coating; fabrication techniques; bioceramics
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MDPI and ACS Style

Sakthiabirami, K.; Soundharrajan, V.; Kang, J.-H.; Yang, Y.P.; Park, S.-W. Three-Dimensional Zirconia-Based Scaffolds for Load-Bearing Bone-Regeneration Applications: Prospects and Challenges. Materials 2021, 14, 3207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14123207

AMA Style

Sakthiabirami K, Soundharrajan V, Kang J-H, Yang YP, Park S-W. Three-Dimensional Zirconia-Based Scaffolds for Load-Bearing Bone-Regeneration Applications: Prospects and Challenges. Materials. 2021; 14(12):3207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14123207

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sakthiabirami, Kumaresan, Vaiyapuri Soundharrajan, Jin-Ho Kang, Yunzhi Peter Yang, and Sang-Won Park. 2021. "Three-Dimensional Zirconia-Based Scaffolds for Load-Bearing Bone-Regeneration Applications: Prospects and Challenges" Materials 14, no. 12: 3207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14123207

APA Style

Sakthiabirami, K., Soundharrajan, V., Kang, J.-H., Yang, Y. P., & Park, S.-W. (2021). Three-Dimensional Zirconia-Based Scaffolds for Load-Bearing Bone-Regeneration Applications: Prospects and Challenges. Materials, 14(12), 3207. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14123207

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