Structure–Property Correlation and Constitutive Description of Structural Steels during Hot Working and Strain Rate Deformation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Objectives and Organization
- to summarise the state of information on the progress made in understanding the deformation behaviour of plain carbon steels, DP steels, and micro-alloyed steels at different strain rates and during their hot-working conditions along with the experimental methodology and
- to discuss the current research challenges and future research which require attention in this field with a special emphasis on the research gap in the strain-rate behaviour of high carbon steels.
2. Structural Property Correlation
2.1. Low Carbon Steel
2.2. Medium Carbon Steel
2.3. High Carbon Steel
2.4. Dual-Phase (DP) Steel and Micro-Alloyed Steel
3. Numerical Modelling
4. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strain Rate (s−1) | Experimental Techniques |
---|---|
Compression Tests | |
<0.1 | Conventional Load Frames, Gleeble |
0.1–100 | Special Servo-hydraulic Frames, Gleeble |
0.1–500 | Cam Plastometer and Drop Test |
200–104 | Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) |
103–105 | Taylor Impact Test |
>105 | Single and two-stage gas gun |
Tension Tests | |
<0.1 | Conventional Load Frames, Gleeble |
0.1–100 | Special Servo hydraulic Frames, Gleeble |
100–103 | Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (in tension) |
104 | Expanding Ring |
>105 | Flyer Plate |
Shear and Multiaxial Tests | |
<0.1 | Conventional Shear Tests |
0.1–100 | Special Servo-hydraulic Frames |
10–103 | Torsional Impact |
100–104 | Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (in torsion) |
103–104 | Double-notch Shear and Punch |
104–107 | Pressure-shear Plate Impact |
Carbon Steel | Coefficients | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c1 (MPa) | c2 (MPa) | c3 (k−1) | c5 (k−1) | c5 (MPa) | n | |
S15C | 315.75 | 615.38 | 0.013 | 0.0012 | 365 | 0.50 |
S50C | 321.81 | 849.81 | 00997 | 0.000996 | 759.60 | 0.59 |
SK93 | 460.04 | 700.11 | 0.00142 | 0.00152 | 712.02 | 0.69 |
Steel | σo | B | C | β | A | K | G | H |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ultralow carbon | 190 | 360 | 215 | 17 | 0.042 | 0.0014 | 0.02 | 0.00045 |
Low carbon | 165 | 270 | 170 | 14 | 0.065 | 0.0013 | 0.01 | 0.0009 |
(MPa) | n | Kp (MPa/μm1/2) | Kf (MPa/μm1/2) | (MPa) | p | q | K (eV/K) | G0 (eV) | (S−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
346.5 | 0.2304 | 718.67 | 465 | 950 | 1 | 1.5 | 8.63 × 10−5 | 0.92 | 1.86 × 10−8 |
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Prusty, B.G.; Banerjee, A. Structure–Property Correlation and Constitutive Description of Structural Steels during Hot Working and Strain Rate Deformation. Materials 2020, 13, 556. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030556
Prusty BG, Banerjee A. Structure–Property Correlation and Constitutive Description of Structural Steels during Hot Working and Strain Rate Deformation. Materials. 2020; 13(3):556. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030556
Chicago/Turabian StylePrusty, B. Gangadhara, and Amborish Banerjee. 2020. "Structure–Property Correlation and Constitutive Description of Structural Steels during Hot Working and Strain Rate Deformation" Materials 13, no. 3: 556. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030556