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Volume 13
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10.3390/ma13010178
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Article

Searching for Rheological Conditions for FFF 3D Printing with PVC Based Flexible Compounds

by
I. Calafel
1,*,
R. H. Aguirresarobe
1,
M. I. Peñas
1,
A. Santamaria
1,
M. Tierno
2,
J. I. Conde
2 and
B. Pascual
2
1
POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, UPV/EHU, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
2
ERCROS S.A., Innovation and Technology Department, Chlorine Derivatives Division, Diagonal 595, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2020, 13(1), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010178
Submission received: 19 November 2019 / Revised: 25 December 2019 / Accepted: 27 December 2019 / Published: 1 January 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Rheology and Processing of Nano- and Micro-Composites)
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Abstract

Rheology is proposed as a tool to explore plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) formulations to be used in the fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing process and so manufactures flexible and ductile objects by this technique. The viscoelastic origin of success/failure in FFF of these materials is investigated. The analysis of buckling of the filament is based on the ratio between compression modulus and viscosity, but for a correct approach the viscosity should be obtained under the conditions established in the nozzle. As demonstrated by small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) measurements, PVC formulations have a crystallites network that provokes clogging in the nozzle. This network restricts printing conditions, because only vanishes at high temperatures, at which thermal degradation is triggered. It is observed that the analysis of the relaxation modulus G(t) is more performing than the G″/G′ ratio to get conclusions on the quality of layers welding. Models printed according to the established conditions show an excellent appearance and flexibility, marking a milestone in the route to obtain flexible objects by FFF.
Keywords: rheology; 3D printing; plasticized PVC; buckling; welding rheology; 3D printing; plasticized PVC; buckling; welding
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MDPI and ACS Style

Calafel, I.; Aguirresarobe, R.H.; Peñas, M.I.; Santamaria, A.; Tierno, M.; Conde, J.I.; Pascual, B. Searching for Rheological Conditions for FFF 3D Printing with PVC Based Flexible Compounds. Materials 2020, 13, 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010178

AMA Style

Calafel I, Aguirresarobe RH, Peñas MI, Santamaria A, Tierno M, Conde JI, Pascual B. Searching for Rheological Conditions for FFF 3D Printing with PVC Based Flexible Compounds. Materials. 2020; 13(1):178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010178

Chicago/Turabian Style

Calafel, I., R. H. Aguirresarobe, M. I. Peñas, A. Santamaria, M. Tierno, J. I. Conde, and B. Pascual. 2020. "Searching for Rheological Conditions for FFF 3D Printing with PVC Based Flexible Compounds" Materials 13, no. 1: 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010178

APA Style

Calafel, I., Aguirresarobe, R. H., Peñas, M. I., Santamaria, A., Tierno, M., Conde, J. I., & Pascual, B. (2020). Searching for Rheological Conditions for FFF 3D Printing with PVC Based Flexible Compounds. Materials, 13(1), 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13010178

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