Shrinkage and Durability Evaluation of Environmental Load-Reducing FRPCM by Using Silicone Oil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Outline of Experiment
2.2. Experiment Method
3. Experiment Result and Discussion
3.1. Study on the Effect of Silicone Oil on the Performance of Environmental-Load-Eeducing FRPCM (Series I)
3.1.1. Fresh Property and Strength Characteristics
3.1.2. Shrinkage and Durability Properties
3.2. Investigation of Silicone oil Effect as a Replacement of Expansive Additive and Shrinkage Reducing Agent (Series II)
3.2.1. Fresh Property and Strength Characteristics
3.2.2. Shrinkage Properties
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- A shrinkage reduction effect at a significant rate could be obtained as the silicone oil content increased. However, excessive addition may affect the strength and durability. Thus, approximately 3% of silicone oil content was appropriate to develop strength and maintain durability while obtaining ECO-FRPCM that had the shrinkage reduction effect.
- (2)
- The use of silicone oil as a replacement of expansive additive or shrinkage-reducing agent used in ECO-FRPCM was effective in terms of shrinkage reduction. In particular, equivalent or better shrinkage-reducing effect could be obtained by combining both silicone oil and expansive additive, or by combining silicone oil, expansive additive, and shrinkage-reducing agent.
- (3)
- When silicone oil and the shrinkage reducing agent were combined, the inherent shrinkage-reduction effects of each were difficult to distinguish. This may affect each of the shrinkage-reducing mechanisms, such as alleviating not only the water-repellent property of silicone oil, but also moisture travel inside the pores of the hardened body and changes in surface tension, resulting in inefficient shrinkage reduction. However, this finding requires additional study in the future.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | |
---|---|
Binder | Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), Density: 3.17 g/cm3 |
Blast furnace slag (BFS), Blaine: 4000 cm2/g, Density: 2.89 g/cm3 | |
Silica fume (SF), Density: 2.25 g/cm3 | |
Expansive additive (E), Ettringite type, Density: 2.93 g/cm3 | |
sand | Blast furnace slag sand, Density: 2.66 g/cm3, Grain size: 0.6~1.2mm |
Admixture | Polymer (P), Acetic acid acrylic type, Density: 1.05 g/cm3 |
Shrinkage reducing agent (SRA), Powder type nonionic mixture | |
Antifoaming agent (AA), Poly ether type | |
Air entraining agent (AE), Aliphatic alcohol type, Density: 1.04~1.08 g/cm3, Total alkali amount (%): 3.7 | |
Water reducing agent (WRA), Poly carboxylic type | |
Silicone oil (SO), Density: 0.96 g/cm3, Viscosity (25 °C): 20cst, Refractive index: 1.42 | |
Fiber | Polypropylene (PP): Length: 6 mm, Diameter: 42.6 μm, Density: 0.91 g/cm3 |
Binder | Specific Surface Area (g/cm3) | Density (g/cm3) | Chemical Composition (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | SO3 | f-CaO | Ig.loss | |||
OPC | 3500 | 3.17 | 21.4 | 5.5 | 2.8 | 64.3 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 0.25 | 0.56 |
BFS | 4000 | 2.89 | 34.0 | 14.4 | 0.83 | 43.3 | 6.5 | - | - | 0.1 |
E | 3260 | 2.93 | 21.0 | 5.2 | 0.8 | 70.6 | - | 18.5 | 49.8 | 1.58 |
SF | - | 2.25 | 96.50 | 0.46 | 0.13 | 0.37 | 0.37 | - | - | 1.83 |
Series | Specimen | W/B | S/B | Fiber (Vol.%) | Binder (%) | Admixture (B × wt.%) | Curing Condition | Test Items | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OPC | BFS | SF | E | P | WRA | AA | AE | SO | SRA | |||||||
I | SO0 | 36 | 1 | 0.5 | 60 | 35 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 20 °C, 60% RH | Slump flow. Air contents. Compressive strength. Tensile strength. Cure shrinkage. Carbonation. Freeze-thaw test |
SO1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
SO3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
SO5 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
SO10 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
II | ES | 36 | 1 | 0.5 | 52 | 35 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.5 | 0 | 4 | 20 °C, 60% RH | Slump flow. Air contents. Compressive strength. Cure shrinkage. Expansion rate |
ES1/2-SO3 | 56 | 4 | 3 | 2 | ||||||||||||
E-SO3 | 52 | 8 | 0 | |||||||||||||
S-SO3 | 60 | 0 | 4 |
Type | SO0 | SO10 |
---|---|---|
Shape of surface | ||
Type | SO0 | SO1 | S03 | S05 |
---|---|---|---|---|
4 weeks | ||||
8 weeks |
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Choi, H.; Choi, H.; Lee, B.; Lee, D.-E. Shrinkage and Durability Evaluation of Environmental Load-Reducing FRPCM by Using Silicone Oil. Materials 2019, 12, 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12081240
Choi H, Choi H, Lee B, Lee D-E. Shrinkage and Durability Evaluation of Environmental Load-Reducing FRPCM by Using Silicone Oil. Materials. 2019; 12(8):1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12081240
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Hyeonggil, Heesup Choi, Bokyeong Lee, and Dong-Eun Lee. 2019. "Shrinkage and Durability Evaluation of Environmental Load-Reducing FRPCM by Using Silicone Oil" Materials 12, no. 8: 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12081240