Comparative Study on Welding Characteristics of Laser-CMT and Plasma-CMT Hybrid Welded AA6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy Butt Joints
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Experimental details
2.1. Materials
2.2. Welding Method and Apparatus
2.3. Testing Examination
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Macro and Microstructure
3.2. Mechanical Properties
3.2.1. Micro-hardness
3.2.2. Tensile Strength
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Gou, G.; Huang, N.; Chen, H.; Liu, H.; Tian, A.; Guo, Z. Research on corrosion behavior of A6N01S-T5 aluminum alloy welded joint for high-speed trains. J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 2012, 26, 1471–1476. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, S.; Li, J.; Mi, G.; Wang, C.; Hu, X. Study on laser-MIG hybrid welding characteristics of A7N01-T6 aluminum alloy. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 2016, 87, 1135–1144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Borrego, L.P.; Costa, J.D.; Jesus, J.S.; Loureiro, A.R.; Ferreira, J.M. Fatigue life improvement by friction stir processing of 5083 aluminium alloy MIG butt welds. Theor. Appl. Fract. Mech. 2014, 70, 68–74. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, Z.; Hua, X.; Huang, L.; Wu, D.; Li, F.; Zhang, Y. Double-sided hybrid laser-MIG welding plus MIG welding of 30-mm-thick aluminium alloy. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 2018, 97, 903–913. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Leo, P.; Renna, G.; Casalino, G.; Olabi, A.G. Effect of power distribution on the weld quality during hybrid laser welding of an Al-Mg alloy. Opt. Laser Technol. 2015, 73, 118–126. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bunaziv, I.; Akselsen, O.M.; Salminen, A.; Unt, A. Fiber laser-MIG hybrid welding of 5 mm 5083 aluminum alloy. J. Mater. Process Technol. 2016, 233, 107–114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Miao, H.; Yu, G.; He, X.; Li, S.; Chen, X. Comparative study of hybrid laser-MIG leading configuration on porosity in aluminum alloy bead-on-plate welding. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 2017, 91, 2681–2688. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Costa, J.D.M.; Jesus, J.S.; Loureiro, A.; Ferreira, J.A.M.; Borrego, L.P. Fatigue life improvement of MIG welded aluminium T-joints by friction stir processing. Int. J. Fatigue 2014, 61, 244–254. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Acherjee, B. Hybrid laser arc welding: State-of-art review. Opt. Laser Technol. 2018, 99, 60–71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, H.K.; Park, S.H.; Kang, C.Y. Effect of plasma current on surface defects of plasma-MIG welding in cryogenic aluminum alloys. J. Mater. Process Technol. 2015, 223, 203–215. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yan, S.; Chen, H.; Zhu, Z.; Gou, G. Hybrid laser-Metal Inert Gas welding of Al-Mg-Si alloy joints: Microstructure and mechanical properties. Mater. Des. 2014, 61, 160–167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nielsen, S.E. High Power Laser Hybrid Welding-Challenges and Perspectives. Phys. Procedia 2015, 78, 24–34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, S.; Liu, F.; Xu, C.; Zhang, H. Experimental investigation on arc characteristic and droplet transfer in CO2 laser-metal arc gas (MAG) hybrid welding. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2013, 62, 604–611. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, C.H.; Ahn, Y.N.; Lee, K.B. Droplet transfer during conventional gas metal arc and plasma-gas metal arc hybrid welding with Al 5183 filler metal. Curr. Appl. Phys. 2012, 12, S178–S183. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cai, D.; Han, S.; Zheng, S.; Luo, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, K. Microstructure and corrosion resistance of Al 5083 alloy hybrid plasma-MIG welds. J. Mater. Process Technol. 2018, 255, 530–535. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, H.K.; Chun, K.S.; Park, S.H.; Kang, C.Y. Control of surface defects on plasma-MIG hybrid welds in cryogenic aluminum alloys. Int. J. Nav. Arch. Ocean 2015, 7, 770–783. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Selvi, S.; Vishvaksenan, A.; Rajasekar, E. Cold metal transfer (CMT) technology—An overview. Def. Technol. 2018, 14, 28–44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lamas, J.; Frostevarg, J.; Kaplan, A.F.H. Gap bridging for two modes of laser arc hybrid welding. J. Mater. Process Technol. 2015, 224, 73–79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- British Standards Institution. Destructive Tests on Welds in Metallic Materials-Transverse Tensile Test. ISO 4136; International Organization for Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2001. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, C.; Li, G.; Gao, M.; Yan, J.; Zeng, X.Y. Microstructure and process characterization of laser-cold metal transfer hybrid welding of AA6061 aluminum alloy. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 2013, 68, 1253–1260. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gao, M.; Cao, Y.; Zeng, X.Y.; Lin, T.X. Mechanical properties and microstructures of hybrid laser MIG welded dissimilar Mg-Al-Zn alloys. Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. 2010, 15, 638–645. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, F.; Wang, X.; Zhou, B.; Huang, C.; Lu, F. Corrosion resistance of 2060 aluminum-lithium alloy LBW welds filled with Al-5.6Cu Wire. Materials 2018, 11, 1988. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yang, Z.B.; Tao, W.; Li, L.Q.; Chen, Y.B.; Li, F.Z.; Zhang, Y.L. Double sided laser beam welded T joints for aluminum aircraft fuselage panels Process, microstructure, and mechanical properties. Mater. Des. 2012, 33, 652–658. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kuo, T.Y.; Lin, H.C. Effects of pulse level of Nd-YAG laser on tensile properties and formability of laser weldments in automotive aluminum alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2006, 416, 281–289. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, X.; Li, L.; Chen, Y.; Yang, Z.; Chen, Y.; Guo, X. Effects of pulse parameters on weld microstructure and mechanical properties of extra pulse current aided laser welded 2219 aluminum alloy joints. Materials 2017, 10, 1091. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yang, Z.; Zhao, X.; Tao, W.; Jin, C.; Huang, S.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, E. Comparative study on successive and simultaneous double-sided laser beam welding of AA6056/AA6156 aluminum alloy T-joints for aircraft fuselage panels. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 2018, 97, 845–856. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Prasad, R.K.; Ramanaiah, N.; Viswanathan, N. Partially melted zone cracking in AA6061 welds. Mater. Des. 2008, 29, 179–186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, F.; Feng, S.; Li, M.; Zhu, Y. Softening phenomenon of heat-affected zone in laser welding of 6082 Al alloys with filler wire. Chin. J. Lasers 2018, 45, 1102007. [Google Scholar]
Materials | Si | Fe | Cu | Mn | Mg | Cr | Zn | Ti | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AA6082-T6 | 0.97 | 0.37 | 0.07 | 0.67 | 1.02 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | Bal. |
ER5356 | 0.10 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 4.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.13 | Bal. |
Parameters | Laser-CMT Hybrid Welding | Plasma-CMT Hybrid Welding |
---|---|---|
Laser power/W | 2000 | |
Plasma current/A | 130 | |
Plasma voltage/V | 29 | |
Plasma gas flow rate/l/min | 7 | |
CMT current/A | 205 | 201 |
CMT Voltage/V | 23 | 23 |
Welding speed/m/min | 1.0 | 0.7 |
Wire feeding speed/m/min | 12 | 9 |
Welding Method | WA/mm | WL/WP/mm | DA/mm | DL/DP/mm | RF/mm | RB/mm |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laser-CMT | 7.48 | 3.46 | 2.97 | 2.99 | 0.76 | 1.61 |
Plasma-CMT | 11.26 | 6.86 | 3.23 | 2.73 | 0.98 | 1.98 |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Xin, Z.; Yang, Z.; Zhao, H.; Chen, Y. Comparative Study on Welding Characteristics of Laser-CMT and Plasma-CMT Hybrid Welded AA6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy Butt Joints. Materials 2019, 12, 3300. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203300
Xin Z, Yang Z, Zhao H, Chen Y. Comparative Study on Welding Characteristics of Laser-CMT and Plasma-CMT Hybrid Welded AA6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy Butt Joints. Materials. 2019; 12(20):3300. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203300
Chicago/Turabian StyleXin, Zhibin, Zhibin Yang, Han Zhao, and Yuxin Chen. 2019. "Comparative Study on Welding Characteristics of Laser-CMT and Plasma-CMT Hybrid Welded AA6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy Butt Joints" Materials 12, no. 20: 3300. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12203300