Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic Diffusion during the Al–Cu Ultrasonic Welding Process
1
School of Electromechanical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2019, 12(14), 2306; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12142306
Received: 3 June 2019
/
Revised: 29 June 2019
/
Accepted: 17 July 2019
/
Published: 19 July 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Dynamics in Nanomaterials and Nanofluids)
Ultrasonic welding (UW) is an important joining technique in the electrical industry. Molecular dynamic simulation has been shown to possess several advantages for revealing the evolution of the atomic-scale structure and the interpretation of diffusion mechanisms at the microscopic level. However, voids associated with the understanding of microstructure evolution in the weld zone and dynamic processes that occur during ultrasonically welded materials still exist, and no UW studies at the atomic scale have so far been reported. In this study, molecular dynamic simulations of UW between Al and Cu were performed to investigate the diffusion behaviors of Al and Cu atoms. The results confirmed the occurrence of asymmetrical diffusion at the Al/Cu interface during UW. Meanwhile, recovery was noticed in the disordered Al blocks at low temperature. The thickness of the diffusion layer increased with the welding time. For relatively long welding times (1 ns), the concentrations of Al and Cu revealed the appearance of phase transitions. In addition, the diffusion during UW was identified as a dynamic and unsteady process. The diffusion coefficient was much larger than that underwent during the steady diffusion process despite the low interfacial temperature (below 375 K), which was mainly attributed to shear plastic deformation at the interface.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
molecular dynamics; ultrasonic welding; diffusion
▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Yang, J.; Zhang, J.; Qiao, J. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic Diffusion during the Al–Cu Ultrasonic Welding Process. Materials 2019, 12, 2306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12142306
AMA Style
Yang J, Zhang J, Qiao J. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic Diffusion during the Al–Cu Ultrasonic Welding Process. Materials. 2019; 12(14):2306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12142306
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Jingwei, Jie Zhang, and Jian Qiao. 2019. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic Diffusion during the Al–Cu Ultrasonic Welding Process" Materials 12, no. 14: 2306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12142306
Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
