Studies on Pitting Corrosion of Al–Cu–Li Alloys Part III: Passivation Kinetics of AA2098–T851 Based on the Point Defect Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Electrode and Solution
2.2. Electrochemical Set-up
3. Results
3.1. Potentistatic Polarization
3.2. Impedance Analysis of the Passive Layer
4. Discussions
4.1. The Mixed Potential Model and Optimization of EIS Data
4.2. Quantum Tunneling Definition of Current Density
4.3. Equivalent Circuit for EIS Data Fitting
4.4. Optimization Parameters
4.4.1. Steady-State Anodic Current Density
4.4.2. Cathodic Current Density
4.4.3. Steady-State Thickness of the Barrier Layer
4.4.4. The Kinetics of the Point Defect Reactions
4.4.5. Diffusivity of Aluminum Interstitials in the Barrier Layer
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reaction | ai (V−1) | bi (cm−1) | ci | Units of |
---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | α1(1 − α)χγ | −α1βχK | −α1βχγ | |
(2) | α2(1 − α)χγ | −α2βχK | −α2βχγ | |
(3) | α3(1 − α)χγ | −α3βχK | −α3βχγ | |
(4) | α4αδγ | - | α4βδγ | |
(5) | α5αδγ | - | α5βδγ | |
(6) | 2α6αγ | - | 2α6βδγ | |
(7) | α7α(δ − χ) γ | - | α7(δ − χ)βγ |
Parameter | Value | Unit | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Dependence of the potential drop across bl/ol upon pH (β) | −0.014 | V | Calculated from experiment |
Electric Field Strength (ε) | 3 × 106 | V cm−1 | Assumed |
Oxidation state (χ) | 3 | Assigned | |
Molar volume of oxide per cation(Ω) | 12.91 | cm3 mol−1 | From density |
Kinetic order of Reaction (7) (n) | 0.5 | - | Assumed |
Oxidation state (δ) | +3 | - | Assigned |
Solution resistance (Rs) | 30 | Ω | From EIS |
Anodic Potential Stepping Direction | Cathodic Potential Stepping Direction | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eapp (VSCE) | −0.6 | −0.3 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0 | −0.3 | −0.6 |
α | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
α2 | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 |
α3 | 0.29 | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.23 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.26 |
αc | 0.18 | 0.179 | 0.179 | - | - | - | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
k02 (mol cm−2.s) | 5.3 × 10−10 | 4.3 × 10−10 | 2.8 × 10−10 | 3.0 × 10−10 | 5.8 × 10−10 | 8.9 × 10−10 | 6.3 × 10−10 | 7.9 × 10−10 | 8.8 × 10−10 |
k03 (mol.cm−2.s) | 1.1 × 10−10 | 8.5 × 10−10 | 4.9 × 10−10 | 5.8 × 10−10 | 1.0 × 10−10 | 7.6 × 10−10 | 8.2 × 10−10 | 9.3 × 10−10 | 5.2 × 10−10 |
k07 (mol cm−2.s) | 6.8 × 10−15 | 4.3 × 10−15 | 6.8 × 10−15 | 2.1 × 10−15 | 1.2 × 10−15 | 4.0 × 10−16 | 6.3 × 10−16 | 6.9 × 10−16 | 5.3 × 10−16 |
k2 (mol cm−2.s) | 7.4 × 10−14 | 7.1 × 10−14 | 5.6 × 10−14 | 6.2 × 10−14 | 5.5 × 10−14 | 4.8 × 10−14 | 5.2 × 10−14 | 5.5 × 10−14 | 6.3 × 10−14 |
k3 (mol cm−2.s) | 3.0 × 10−18 | 1.9 × 10−18 | 3.0 × 10−18 | 9.5 × 10−19 | 5.3 × 10−19 | 1.8 × 10−19 | 2.8 × 10−19 | 3.1 × 10−19 | 2.4 × 10−19 |
k7 (mol cm−2 s) | 6.8 × 10−15 | 4.3 × 10−15 | 6.8 × 10−15 | 2.1 × 10−15 | 1.2 × 10−15 | 4.0 × 10−16 | 6.3 × 10−16 | 6.9 × 10−16 | 5.3 × 10−16 |
kC (mol cm−2.s) | 2.8 × 10−14 | 9.4 × 10−14 | 2.7 × 10−13 | - | - | - | 7.2 × 10−13 | 5.2 × 10−13 | 8.7 × 10−14 |
D (cm2 s−1) | 9.5 × 10−19 | 1.2 × 10−18 | 1.0 × 10−18 | 1.1 × 10−18 | 9.7 × 10−19 | 2.9 × 10−19 | 4.8 × 10−19 | 3.3 × 10−19 | 7.0 × 10−19 |
Iss (nA cm−2) | 21.3 | 20.6 | 16.1 | 17.8 | 15.8 | 14.0 | 15.1 | 16.0 | 18.2 |
Ic (nA cm−2) | −3.5 | −1.4 | −0.47 | - | - | - | −1.9 | −7.4 | −10.9 |
Lss (nm) | 0.95 | 2.26 | 2.82 | 3.97 | 4.90 | 4.21 | 3.35 | 2.57 | 1.59 |
Rate-Determining Step | Mechanism | HER Tafel Slope (V/dec) |
---|---|---|
The Slow Hydrogen Discharge | 0.116 | |
Atomic Hydrogen | 0.029 | |
Electrochemical Mechanism | 0.038 |
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Ghanbari, E.; Saatchi, A.; Lei, X.; Macdonald, D.D. Studies on Pitting Corrosion of Al–Cu–Li Alloys Part III: Passivation Kinetics of AA2098–T851 Based on the Point Defect Model. Materials 2019, 12, 1912. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12121912
Ghanbari E, Saatchi A, Lei X, Macdonald DD. Studies on Pitting Corrosion of Al–Cu–Li Alloys Part III: Passivation Kinetics of AA2098–T851 Based on the Point Defect Model. Materials. 2019; 12(12):1912. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12121912
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhanbari, Elmira, Alireza Saatchi, Xiaowei Lei, and Digby D. Macdonald. 2019. "Studies on Pitting Corrosion of Al–Cu–Li Alloys Part III: Passivation Kinetics of AA2098–T851 Based on the Point Defect Model" Materials 12, no. 12: 1912. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12121912