Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Paraquat by Pt Loaded TiO2 Nanotubes on Ti Anodes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Ti Plates
2.2. Preparation of Thermally Oxidized Photoanode (Ti/TiO2)
2.3. Preparation of Nanotube Structured TiO2 Photoanodes by Anodic Oxidation in Hydrogen Fluoride Solution (Ti/TiO2NTHF-X)
2.4. Preparation of Nanotube Structured TiO2 Photoanodes by Anodic Oxidation in Ethylene Glycol Solution (Ti/TiO2NTEG-X)
2.5. Pt Loading on Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-500 Photoanodes
2.6. Photoanode Characterization
2.7. Photo-, Electro- and Photoelectro-Reactivity Set up and Procedure
2.8. Analytical Techniques
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization Results
3.2. Photoelectrocatalytic Activity Results
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Electrode | Crystal Phase | Peak Area of Anatase (101) | Primary Particle Size (nm) of Anatase | Primary Particle Size (nm) of Rutile | Primary Particle Size (nm) of Pt |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-450 | A | 423 | 37 | ||
Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-500-Pt-25cycles | A + R | 450 | 33 | 28 | |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-550 | A + R | 477 | 35 | 43 | |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-1h-500 | A + R | 194 | 35 | 22 | |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-6h-500 | A + R | 558 | 38 | 37 | |
Ti/TiO2NTHF-6h-500 | A + R | 48 | 32 | 23 |
Electrode | Wall Thickness (nm) | Internal Diameter (nm) | Tube Length (μm) | Pt Nanoparticle Diameter (nm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ti/TiO2NTEG-1h-500 | 35 | 43 | 1.7 | |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-2h-500 | 30 | 47 | ||
Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-500 | 35 | 60 | ||
Ti/TiO2NTEG-4h-500 | 35 | 47 | 9.8 | |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-6h-500 | 20 | 80 | 11 | |
Ti/TiO2NTHF-6h-500 | 14 | 90 | ||
Ti/TiO2NTHF-6h-650 | 30 | 75 | 1.0 | |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-500-Pt-4cycles | 35 | 60 | 80 | |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-500-Pt-25cycles | 40 | 60 | 150 |
Photoanode | Calcination Temperature (°C) | Conversion for 3 h (%) |
---|---|---|
Ti/TiO2-500 | 500 | 17 |
Ti/TiO2NTHF-1h-400 | 400 | 28 |
Ti/TiO2NTHF-1h-500 | 500 | 30 |
Ti/TiO2NTHF-1h-600 | 600 | 23 |
Ti/TiO2NTHF-1h-650 | 650 | 26 |
Ti/TiO2NTHF-1h-750 | 750 | 0 |
Photoanode | Method | Anodic Oxidation Time | Conversion for 1 h (%) | Conversion for 3 h (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ti/TiO2NTEG-1h-500 | PEC | 1 | 43 | 86 |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-2h-500 | PEC | 2 | 52 | 93 |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-500 | PEC | 3 | 60 | 98 |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-4h-500 | PEC | 4 | 62 | 95 |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-6h-500 | PEC | 6 | 50 | 90 |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-6h-500 | PC | 6 | 7 | 26 |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-6h-500 | EC | 6 | 0 | 1 |
Ti/TiO2NTHF-1h-500 | PEC | 1 | 8 | 30 |
Ti/TiO2NTHF-6h-500 | PEC | 6 | 9 | 48 |
Photoanode | Cycle Count | Conversion for 1 h (%) |
---|---|---|
Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-500 | - | 60 |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-500-Pt-1cycle | 1 | 49 |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-500-Pt-3cycles | 3 | 60 |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-500-Pt-4cycles | 4 | 75 |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-500-Pt-5cycles | 5 | 68 |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-500-Pt-6cycles | 6 | 60 |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-500-Pt-7cycles | 7 | 52 |
Ti/TiO2NTEG-3h-500-Pt-10cycles | 10 | 46 |
Ti/TiO2NTHF-3h-500-Pt-25cycles | 25 | 42 |
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Özcan, L.; Mutlu, T.; Yurdakal, S. Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Paraquat by Pt Loaded TiO2 Nanotubes on Ti Anodes. Materials 2018, 11, 1715. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091715
Özcan L, Mutlu T, Yurdakal S. Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Paraquat by Pt Loaded TiO2 Nanotubes on Ti Anodes. Materials. 2018; 11(9):1715. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091715
Chicago/Turabian StyleÖzcan, Levent, Turan Mutlu, and Sedat Yurdakal. 2018. "Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Paraquat by Pt Loaded TiO2 Nanotubes on Ti Anodes" Materials 11, no. 9: 1715. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091715