Biomedical Porous Shape Memory Alloys for Hard-Tissue Replacement Materials
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Fundamentals of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs)
3. Requirements for Hard-Tissue Replacements
4. Porous NiTi Shape Memory Alloys
4.1. Fabrication and Pore Structure of Porous NiTi SMAs
4.1.1. Homogeneous Porous Structure
4.1.2. Gradient Porous Structure
4.2. Microstructure and Properties of Porous NiTi SMAs
4.2.1. Effect of Microstructure and Pores on Martensitic Transformation (MT)
4.2.2. Effect of Pores on Mechanical Properties and Superelasticity (SE)
4.2.3. Effect of Pores on Biomedical Properties
4.3. Surface Modification of Porous NiTi SMAs
4.4. Application of Porous NiTi SMAs
5. Porous Ni-Free Shape Memory Alloys
5.1. Dense Ni-Free SMAs
5.1.1. Development History and Alloy Systems
5.1.2. MT, Microstructure and Shape Memory Effect (SME)
5.1.3. Mechanical and Biological Properties
5.2. Porous Ni-Free SMAs
5.2.1. Fabrication Method and Porous Structure
5.2.2. Mechanical and Biomedical Properties
6. Prospects and Summaries
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hard-Tissue | Human Bone | Human Teeth | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Properties | Cortical Bone | Cancellous Bones | Enamel | Dentin | |
density | 1.99 g/cm3 [28] | 0.05–1 g/cm3 [29] | 3 g/cm3 | 2–2.1 g/cm3 | |
porosity | 5–30% [22,24,25,26,27] | 30–90% [22,29] | 7% | 59–70% | |
Pore size | 10–500 μm [22,23,24,25,26,27] | 50–300 μm [24,25,26,27] | 1.7–2.5 μm [33] | ||
Tension Strength | 79–151 MPa(longitudinal) [28] 51–56 MPa (transverse) | 34–61 MPa [34] | |||
Compression strength | 131–224 MPa(longitudinal) 106–133 MPa(transverse) [28] | 2–5 MPa [31] | |||
Elastic modulus | 17–20 GPa(longitudinal) [30,31] 6–13 GPa(transverse) | 0.76–4 GPa [31] | 3–25 GPa [35] | ||
Recoverable strain | 2–2.5% [32] |
Fabrication Method | Porosity/% | Pore Size/μm | Pore Shape | Pore Connectivity | Pore Distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS | 20–50% | 10–100 | irregular | good | homogeneous |
HIP/CF-HIP | 10–80% | 100–3000 | rounded | bad | homogeneous or gradient |
SHS | 30–70% | 300–500 | directional | very good | homogeneous |
Space holder assisted sintering | 10–80% | 10–3000 | Depend on space holder | Depend on the space holder | homogeneous or gradient |
AM | 0–90% | >150 | Depend on designing | very good | homogeneous or gradient |
Melting point | 1750–1800 °C | Elastic Modulus | 35–120 GPa |
Density | 4.8–5.5 g/cm3 | Poisson’s Ratio | 0.33 |
Yield Strength | 250–790 MPa | Tension strength | 590–1074 MPa (rolling and aging) |
Biocompatibility | Excellent, compared Ti | Elongation | 15–90% |
Corrosion resistance | Excellent, better than Ti | Recoverable strain | Maximum 6% |
Wear resistance | Good, better than Ti | Fatigue life | 3 × 104–1 × 107 |
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Yuan, B.; Zhu, M.; Chung, C.Y. Biomedical Porous Shape Memory Alloys for Hard-Tissue Replacement Materials. Materials 2018, 11, 1716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091716
Yuan B, Zhu M, Chung CY. Biomedical Porous Shape Memory Alloys for Hard-Tissue Replacement Materials. Materials. 2018; 11(9):1716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091716
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuan, Bin, Min Zhu, and Chi Yuen Chung. 2018. "Biomedical Porous Shape Memory Alloys for Hard-Tissue Replacement Materials" Materials 11, no. 9: 1716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091716