Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Expanded Graphite/Paraffin Gypsum-Based Composite Material Reinforced by Carbon Fiber
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. The Preparation and Characterization of EG/P
2.3. The Preparation and Characterization of EGPG
2.3.1. The Sample Preparation of EGPG
2.3.2. Thermal Conductivity Test
2.3.3. Thermo-Regulated Performance Test
2.3.4. Temperature Cycling Test
2.3.5. Strength Tests
2.3.6. Chemical Structure Tests
3. Results and Discussion
3.1 Characterization of EG/P
3.1.1. The Microstructure of EG and EG/P
3.1.2. The Thermal Properties of EG/P
3.1.3. The Thermal Reliability of EG/P
3.1.4. The Chemical Structure of EG/P
3.2. Thermal Conductivity of EGPG
3.3. The Thermo-Regulated Performance of EGPG
3.4. The Mechanical Properties of EGPG
4. Conclusions
- EG/P was prepared successfully by the vacuum impregnation method, which produces material with a latent heat storage capacity of 105.3 J/g and phase change temperature of 22.28 °C. The results of FT-IR reveal that the components within EG/P are chemically compatible, and TGA proves that EG/P can meet the requirements for thermal stability. As a result, EG/P is demonstrated as a potential candidate for buildings as part of overall efficient energy management scheme.
- Both EG/P and CF improved the thermal conductivity of gypsum (GC). Compared with GC, the thermal conductivity of the GC-10%EG/P and GC-20%EG/P was improved by 33.7% and 53.2%, respectively. When 1 wt % CF was added, the thermal conductivity of GC-10%EG/P and GC-20%EG/P further increases by 36.0% and 28.6%, respectively.
- EG/P can significantly reduce temperature fluctuations. The maximum temperature of indoor center position decreased by 2.4 °C with the addition of 20 wt % EG/P into GC. CF also has a role in increasing the rate of heat transfer to EG/P within gypsum, and thus the greatest improvement in temperature was 3.2 °C, observed between GC-20%EG/P-1%CF and GC.
- With the increase of EG/P content, the flexural and compressive strengths of EGPG demonstrate a dramatically decreasing trend. However, the presence of CF can improve the flexural strength of GC-20%EG/P by 51.6%, with no change in compressive strength.
- After 500 heating/cooling cycles, the mechanical properties of EGPG increased by about 100%, which is attributed to the dehydration of calcium sulfate dihydrate.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
PCMs | Phase Change Materials |
EG | Expanded graphite |
EG/P | Expanded graphite/Paraffin composites |
SSPCM | Stabilized-shape Phase Change Material |
EGPG | Expanded graphite/paraffin gypsum-based composite material |
CF | Carbon Fiber |
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No. | Gypsum (g) | Water (g) | EG/P (g) | CF (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
GC | 3600 | 1300 | -- | -- |
GC-10%EG/P | 3600 | 1300 | 360 | -- |
GC-20%EG/P | 3600 | 1300 | 720 | -- |
GC-10%EG/P-1%CF | 3600 | 1300 | 360 | 36 |
GC-20%EG/P-1%CF | 3600 | 1300 | 720 | 36 |
Cycles | Melting Temperature (°C) | Melting Enthalpy (J/g) | Freezing Temperature (°C) | Freezing Enthalpy (J/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 22.3 | 105.0 | 19.9 | 105.5 |
150 | 22.0 | 104.9 | 20.2 | 105.2 |
250 | 22.0 | 103.3 | 20.2 | 104.5 |
350 | 22.1 | 102.7 | 20.3 | 103.8 |
450 | 22.1 | 101.8 | 20.3 | 104.1 |
No. | Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) | Energy Storage Capacity (J/g) |
---|---|---|
GC | 0.742 | 0 |
GC-10%EG/P | 0.992 | 7.25 |
GC-20%EG/P | 1.137 | 13.65 |
GC-10%EG/P-1%CF | 1.350 | 7.20 |
GC-20%EG/P-1%CF | 1.462 | 13.57 |
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Zhang, B.; Tian, Y.; Jin, X.; Lo, T.Y.; Cui, H. Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Expanded Graphite/Paraffin Gypsum-Based Composite Material Reinforced by Carbon Fiber. Materials 2018, 11, 2205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112205
Zhang B, Tian Y, Jin X, Lo TY, Cui H. Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Expanded Graphite/Paraffin Gypsum-Based Composite Material Reinforced by Carbon Fiber. Materials. 2018; 11(11):2205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112205
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Bo, Yuanyuan Tian, Xiaoyan Jin, Tommy Y. Lo, and Hongzhi Cui. 2018. "Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Expanded Graphite/Paraffin Gypsum-Based Composite Material Reinforced by Carbon Fiber" Materials 11, no. 11: 2205. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112205