Multiscale Analysis of the Microstructure and Stress Evolution in Cold Work Die Steel during Deep Cryogenic Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedures
3. Multiscale Numerical Procedure
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
- After cooling to near −160 °C of DCT, the largest intensity of martensite is formed, but the retained austenite has not been eliminated completely until the end of DCT and there still exist almost 3% of retained austenite in RVE.
- The driving force for the precipitation of fine and uniform carbides during DCT is provided by the competition between the thermal and phase transformation stresses. After DCT, the mean phase transformation stresses inside retained austenite grain and at the interface between retained austenite and martensite in RVE are almost up to 1500 MPa. While, the amplitude of thermal stress is significantly smaller and only about 1/3 of the phase transformation stress. Compared with the thermal stress, the phase transformation stress during DCT plays a more significant role.
- During DCT, the maximum value of effective stress in RVE even exceeds 1000 MPa, which may provide a required driving force for the precipitation of fine carbide particles during DCT. The above quantitative findings can provide valuable insights for better understanding of the underlying mechanism of DCT and support its further quantitative analysis.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Li, J.; Cai, X.; Wang, Y.; Wu, X. Multiscale Analysis of the Microstructure and Stress Evolution in Cold Work Die Steel during Deep Cryogenic Treatment. Materials 2018, 11, 2122. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112122
Li J, Cai X, Wang Y, Wu X. Multiscale Analysis of the Microstructure and Stress Evolution in Cold Work Die Steel during Deep Cryogenic Treatment. Materials. 2018; 11(11):2122. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112122
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Junwan, Xin Cai, Yiwen Wang, and Xiaochun Wu. 2018. "Multiscale Analysis of the Microstructure and Stress Evolution in Cold Work Die Steel during Deep Cryogenic Treatment" Materials 11, no. 11: 2122. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112122