Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin-Based Carbons for CO2 Separation at Sub-Atmospheric Pressures
by
Noelia Álvarez-Gutiérrez †, María Victoria Gil †, María Martínez †, 
Fernando Rubiera †
and Covadonga Pevida *,†
Noelia Álvarez-Gutiérrez †, María Victoria Gil †, María Martínez †, Fernando Rubiera † and Covadonga Pevida *,†
Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, Apartado 73, 33080 Oviedo, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Academic Editor: Wei-Hsin Chen
Energies 2016, 9(3), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/en9030189
Received: 16 December 2015 / Revised: 9 February 2016 / Accepted: 6 March 2016 / Published: 11 March 2016
The challenge of developing effective separation and purification technologies that leave much smaller energy footprints is greater for carbon dioxide (CO2) than for other gases. In addition to its involvement in climate change, CO2 is present as an impurity in biogas and bio-hydrogen (biological production by dark fermentation), in post-combustion processes (flue gas, CO2-N2) and many other gas streams. Selected phenol-formaldehyde resin-based activated carbons prepared in our laboratory have been evaluated under static conditions (adsorption isotherms) as potential adsorbents for CO2 separation at sub-atmospheric pressures, i.e., in post-combustion processes or from biogas and bio-hydrogen streams. CO2, H2, N2, and CH4 adsorption isotherms at 25 °C and up to 100 kPa were obtained using a volumetric equipment and were correlated by applying the Sips model. Adsorption equilibrium was then predicted for multicomponent gas mixtures by extending the multicomponent Sips model and the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST) in conjunction with the Sips model. The CO2 uptakes of the resin-derived carbons from CO2-CH4, CO2-H2, and CO2-N2 at atmospheric pressure were greater than those of the reference commercial carbon (Calgon BPL). The performance of the resin-derived carbons in terms of equilibrium of adsorption seems therefore relevant to CO2 separation in post-combustion (flue gas, CO2-N2) and in hydrogen fermentation (CO2-H2, CO2-CH4).
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Keywords:
CO2 separation; adsorption; phenolic-resin; activated carbons
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MDPI and ACS Style
Álvarez-Gutiérrez, N.; Gil, M.V.; Martínez, M.; Rubiera, F.; Pevida, C. Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin-Based Carbons for CO2 Separation at Sub-Atmospheric Pressures. Energies 2016, 9, 189.
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