Adaptive Procurement Guidelines for Automatic Selection of Renewable Forest Energy Sources within a Sustainable Energy Production System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- from which wood harvested is only energy wood and/or pulpwood, and
- where the mean diameter at breast height is less than 16 cm, but more than 3 cm, and
- where the height of dominant trees is more than 7 m in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) dominated stands, and more than 9 m in broadleaf stands.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Harvester Stem Data
2.2. Harvester’s Profitability Data in Operational Planning
2.3. Stand-Selection System
- Step 1: The tree species is not spruce and stem belongs to the energy-wood diameter (<16 cm) frequency distribution.
- Step 2: The diameter at dbh height is less than or equal to 8 cm.
- Step 3: The diameter of next tree at dbh height is less than or equal to 8 cm.
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stem Diameter Class (dbh, cm) | Mean Diameter (dbh, cm) | Stem Frequency (nt·ha−1) | Stem Cutting time (s) | Stem Volume (m3) | Stand Volume (m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3–5.9 | 5.4 | 171 | 14.07 | 0.009 | 1.52 |
6–7.9 | 7.0 | 488 | 14.06 | 0.013 | 6.18 |
8–9.9 | 8.8 | 272 | 14.96 | 0.020 | 5.50 |
10–11.9 | 10.8 | 74 | 15.56 | 0.028 | 2.09 |
12–13.9 | 12.8 | 15 | 16.89 | 0.043 | 0.64 |
14–15.9 | 14.2 | 5 | 20.61 | 0.054 | 0.27 |
16–17.9 | 16.9 | 4 | 20.09 | 0.065 | 0.26 |
18–9.9 | 18.4 | 3 | 25.90 | 0.080 | 0.24 |
20–21.9 | 21.3 | 2 | 24.19 | 0.104 | 0.21 |
22–49.9 | 37.4 | 8 | 31.42 | 0.283 | 2.27 |
Stem Diameter Class | Cutting Productivity | Cutting Cost | Cutting Revenue | Cutting Revenue | Stem Profit without Subsidies | Stem Profit with Subsidies | Stand Profit with Subsidies |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(dbh, cm) | (m3/E15-hour) | (€·m−3) | (€/E15-hour) | (€·m−3) | (€·m−3) | (€·m−3) | (€) |
3–5.9 | 2.28 | 28.51 | 11.68 | 8.9 | −19.61 | −12.61 | −18.93 |
6–7.9 | 3.12 | 20.83 | 27.80 | 8.9 | −11.93 | −4.93 | −30.47 |
8–9.9 | 4.87 | 13.34 | 43.37 | 8.9 | −4.44 | 2.66 | 14.63 |
10–11.9 | 6.54 | 9.94 | 58.24 | 8.9 | −1.04 | 5.96 | 12.46 |
12–13.9 | 9.08 | 7.15 | 70.84 | 8.9 | 1.75 | 8.75 | 5.60 |
14–15.9 | 9.43 | 6,89 | 83.96 | 8.9 | 2.01 | 9.01 | 2.43 |
16–17.9 | 11.60 | 5.60 | 103.27 | 8.9 | 3.30 | 10.30 | 2.68 |
18–19.9 | 11.07 | 5.87 | 98.55 | 8.9 | 3.03 | 10.03 | 2.41 |
20–21.9 | 15.42 | 4.21 | 137.27 | 8.9 | 4.69 | 11.69 | 2.46 |
22–49.9 | 32.47 | 2.00 | 289.01 | 8.9 | 6.90 | 13.90 | 31.55 |
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Palander, T.; Kärhä, K. Adaptive Procurement Guidelines for Automatic Selection of Renewable Forest Energy Sources within a Sustainable Energy Production System. Energies 2016, 9, 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9030155
Palander T, Kärhä K. Adaptive Procurement Guidelines for Automatic Selection of Renewable Forest Energy Sources within a Sustainable Energy Production System. Energies. 2016; 9(3):155. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9030155
Chicago/Turabian StylePalander, Teijo, and Kalle Kärhä. 2016. "Adaptive Procurement Guidelines for Automatic Selection of Renewable Forest Energy Sources within a Sustainable Energy Production System" Energies 9, no. 3: 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9030155