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Energies
Volume 19
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10.3390/en19020396
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Hybrid AHP–Evidential Reasoning Framework for Multi-Criteria Assessment of Wind-Based Green Hydrogen Production Scenarios on the Northern Coast of Mauritania

by
Mohamed Hamoud
1,*,
Eduardo Blanco-Davis
1,*,
Ana Armada Bras
2,
Sean Loughney
1,
Musa Bashir
3,
Varha Maaloum
4,5,
Ahmed Mohamed Yahya
4,5 and
Jin Wang
1
1
Liverpool Logistics, Offshore and Marine (LOOM) Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
2
Built Environment and Sustainable Technologies (BEST) Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
3
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK
4
Applied Research Unit for Renewable Energies in Water and Environment (URA3E), University of Nouakchott, Nouakchott BP 880, Mauritania
5
Mauritanian Society of Renewable Energies and Green Hydrogen (2SMERHV), Nouakchott, Mauritania
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2026, 19(2), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020396
Submission received: 12 December 2025 / Revised: 5 January 2026 / Accepted: 10 January 2026 / Published: 13 January 2026
Versions Notes

Abstract

The northern coast of Mauritania presents a strategic opportunity for clean energy investment due to its remarkable potential for green hydrogen production through wind energy. To determine the best location for wind-based green hydrogen production, this paper established a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making framework (MCDM) that combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Evidential Reasoning (ER) to assess five coastal sites: Nouakchott, Nouamghar, Tasiast, Boulanoir, and Nouadhibou. Four main criteria (i.e., economic, technical, environmental, and social) and twelve sub-criteria were taken into account in the assessment. To ensure reliability and contextual accuracy, the data used in this study were obtained from geographic databases, peer-reviewed literature, and structured expert questionnaires. The results indicate that site 5 (Nouadhibou) is the most suitable location for green hydrogen generation using wind energy. Sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of the ranking results, validating the reliability of the proposed hybrid framework. The findings of this study provide critical, data-driven decision-support insights for investors and policymakers, guiding the strategic development of sustainable wind-based green hydrogen projects along Mauritania’s coastline.
Keywords: Mauritania; site selection; multi-criteria decision making; analytic hierarchy process; evidential reasoning; green hydrogen Mauritania; site selection; multi-criteria decision making; analytic hierarchy process; evidential reasoning; green hydrogen

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hamoud, M.; Blanco-Davis, E.; Bras, A.A.; Loughney, S.; Bashir, M.; Maaloum, V.; Yahya, A.M.; Wang, J. A Hybrid AHP–Evidential Reasoning Framework for Multi-Criteria Assessment of Wind-Based Green Hydrogen Production Scenarios on the Northern Coast of Mauritania. Energies 2026, 19, 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020396

AMA Style

Hamoud M, Blanco-Davis E, Bras AA, Loughney S, Bashir M, Maaloum V, Yahya AM, Wang J. A Hybrid AHP–Evidential Reasoning Framework for Multi-Criteria Assessment of Wind-Based Green Hydrogen Production Scenarios on the Northern Coast of Mauritania. Energies. 2026; 19(2):396. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020396

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamoud, Mohamed, Eduardo Blanco-Davis, Ana Armada Bras, Sean Loughney, Musa Bashir, Varha Maaloum, Ahmed Mohamed Yahya, and Jin Wang. 2026. "A Hybrid AHP–Evidential Reasoning Framework for Multi-Criteria Assessment of Wind-Based Green Hydrogen Production Scenarios on the Northern Coast of Mauritania" Energies 19, no. 2: 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020396

APA Style

Hamoud, M., Blanco-Davis, E., Bras, A. A., Loughney, S., Bashir, M., Maaloum, V., Yahya, A. M., & Wang, J. (2026). A Hybrid AHP–Evidential Reasoning Framework for Multi-Criteria Assessment of Wind-Based Green Hydrogen Production Scenarios on the Northern Coast of Mauritania. Energies, 19(2), 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020396

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