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Volume 19
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Article

A Study on Excitation Inrush Current and Overvoltage Mitigation Strategies Utilizing Phase Selection Control

by
Junting Yan
,
Qingfeng Wang
*,
Jianqiong Zhang
and
Xiangqiang Li
School of Physics Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2026, 19(1), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010121
Submission received: 20 October 2025 / Revised: 18 December 2025 / Accepted: 23 December 2025 / Published: 25 December 2025
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Abstract

To address the challenges of system failures and equipment damage caused by excitation inrush currents and overvoltages during no-load energization of high-speed locomotive transformers, a simulation model was developed utilizing PSCAD electromagnetic transient simulation software. This study establishes a no-load switching simulation model for rolling stock transformers within PSCAD, analyzing variations in overvoltage and excitation inrush current amplitudes across different phase angles. Additionally, it compares excitation inrush current amplitudes under varying residual magnetism conditions. A phase-selective control strategy is proposed, integrating the hysteresis characteristics of the transformer core. The model’s accuracy is validated against empirical data obtained from a city train. Employing the Jiles–Atherton hysteresis model, the residual magnetism of the transformer core is quantified. Based on measured data, a relationship curve between switching phase and residual magnetism is fitted, enabling calculation of the optimal closing angle through the phase selection procedure. This approach effectively mitigates overvoltage and excitation inrush current hazards, thereby enhancing the operational safety of the train system.
Keywords: overvoltage; transformer; phase selection; particle swarm optimization algorithm overvoltage; transformer; phase selection; particle swarm optimization algorithm

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yan, J.; Wang, Q.; Zhang, J.; Li, X. A Study on Excitation Inrush Current and Overvoltage Mitigation Strategies Utilizing Phase Selection Control. Energies 2026, 19, 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010121

AMA Style

Yan J, Wang Q, Zhang J, Li X. A Study on Excitation Inrush Current and Overvoltage Mitigation Strategies Utilizing Phase Selection Control. Energies. 2026; 19(1):121. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010121

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan, Junting, Qingfeng Wang, Jianqiong Zhang, and Xiangqiang Li. 2026. "A Study on Excitation Inrush Current and Overvoltage Mitigation Strategies Utilizing Phase Selection Control" Energies 19, no. 1: 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010121

APA Style

Yan, J., Wang, Q., Zhang, J., & Li, X. (2026). A Study on Excitation Inrush Current and Overvoltage Mitigation Strategies Utilizing Phase Selection Control. Energies, 19(1), 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/en19010121

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