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Energies
Volume 18
Issue 23
10.3390/en18236117
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Article

Hotspot Detection in Photovoltaic Modules with Fiber Bragg Grating and Brillouin Distributed Temperature Sensors

by
Bartlomiej Guzowski
*,
Mateusz Lakomski
and
Dominik Bobinski
Department of Semiconductor and Optoelectronic Devices, Lodz University of Technology, 8 Politechniki Ave., 93-590 Lodz, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(23), 6117; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236117 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 31 October 2025 / Revised: 17 November 2025 / Accepted: 20 November 2025 / Published: 22 November 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

The increasing deployment of photovoltaic (PV) installations presents critical challenges related to module safety and efficiency. Early detection of hotspots on PV modules is crucial to prevent degradation and mitigate fire risk. This study investigates the effectiveness of fiber optic sensors, specifically fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) based on Brillouin backscattering, to detect and localize hotspots on PV modules. Both sensor types successfully identified hotspot occurrences, with validation conducted through simultaneous thermocouple measurements and infrared thermographic imaging. The tests provide a comprehensive analysis of measurement methodologies, highlighting the advantages and limitations of fiber optic sensing techniques. While FBG sensors offer the most precise temperature measurements at the PV module surface, DTS systems demonstrate superior capability in hotspot detection.
Keywords: photovoltaic modules; hotspot detection; fiber optic sensors; fiber Bragg gratings; distributed temperature sensing; thermocouples; infrared thermography photovoltaic modules; hotspot detection; fiber optic sensors; fiber Bragg gratings; distributed temperature sensing; thermocouples; infrared thermography

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MDPI and ACS Style

Guzowski, B.; Lakomski, M.; Bobinski, D. Hotspot Detection in Photovoltaic Modules with Fiber Bragg Grating and Brillouin Distributed Temperature Sensors. Energies 2025, 18, 6117. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236117

AMA Style

Guzowski B, Lakomski M, Bobinski D. Hotspot Detection in Photovoltaic Modules with Fiber Bragg Grating and Brillouin Distributed Temperature Sensors. Energies. 2025; 18(23):6117. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236117

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guzowski, Bartlomiej, Mateusz Lakomski, and Dominik Bobinski. 2025. "Hotspot Detection in Photovoltaic Modules with Fiber Bragg Grating and Brillouin Distributed Temperature Sensors" Energies 18, no. 23: 6117. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236117

APA Style

Guzowski, B., Lakomski, M., & Bobinski, D. (2025). Hotspot Detection in Photovoltaic Modules with Fiber Bragg Grating and Brillouin Distributed Temperature Sensors. Energies, 18(23), 6117. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236117

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