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Energies
Volume 18
Issue 21
10.3390/en18215616
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Review

Optimal Location of Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles in Distribution Networks: A Literature Review

by
David Lara Leon
1,†,
Yandi Gallego Landera
2,†,
Luis Garcia Santander
1,
Lesyani Teresa León
2,*,
Oscar Cuaresma Zevallos
3 and
Fredy Antonio Muñoz Jarpa
2
1
Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepción 4070386, Chile
2
Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4051381, Chile
3
Electrical Engineering Department, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), 524 São Francisco Xavier, Rio de Janeiro 20550-900, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Energies 2025, 18(21), 5616; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215616 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 10 October 2025 / Revised: 20 October 2025 / Accepted: 22 October 2025 / Published: 25 October 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

Currently, the global use of electric vehicles is still low; however, a significant increase is expected in the coming years. Determining the optimal location of charging stations in distribution systems can influence the increased adoption of this technology in transportation, as it contributes to the proper functioning of distribution networks. There are several optimization methods, which can be classified into exact, heuristic, and metaheuristic methods, each with different characteristics and applications. This article presents a literature review of the main optimization methods currently used to determine the location of charging stations in distribution systems. It concludes that metaheuristic optimization methods are the most widely used. In addition, the review identifies current research gaps, particularly the limited use of real EV demand data and the lack of stochastic approaches to represent demand variability. The main contribution of this work lies in emphasizing the importance of incorporating stochastic methods to adequately address the uncertainty of EV demand in distribution networks.
Keywords: charging stations; electric vehicles; optimization methods; literature review charging stations; electric vehicles; optimization methods; literature review

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lara Leon, D.; Gallego Landera, Y.; Garcia Santander, L.; Teresa León, L.; Cuaresma Zevallos, O.; Muñoz Jarpa, F.A. Optimal Location of Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles in Distribution Networks: A Literature Review. Energies 2025, 18, 5616. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215616

AMA Style

Lara Leon D, Gallego Landera Y, Garcia Santander L, Teresa León L, Cuaresma Zevallos O, Muñoz Jarpa FA. Optimal Location of Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles in Distribution Networks: A Literature Review. Energies. 2025; 18(21):5616. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215616

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lara Leon, David, Yandi Gallego Landera, Luis Garcia Santander, Lesyani Teresa León, Oscar Cuaresma Zevallos, and Fredy Antonio Muñoz Jarpa. 2025. "Optimal Location of Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles in Distribution Networks: A Literature Review" Energies 18, no. 21: 5616. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215616

APA Style

Lara Leon, D., Gallego Landera, Y., Garcia Santander, L., Teresa León, L., Cuaresma Zevallos, O., & Muñoz Jarpa, F. A. (2025). Optimal Location of Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles in Distribution Networks: A Literature Review. Energies, 18(21), 5616. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215616

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