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Article

GIS-Based Mapping and Development of Biomass-Fueled Integrated Combined Heat and Power Generation in Nigeria

by
Michael Ogheneruemu Ukoba
1,
Ogheneruona Endurance Diemuodeke
1,*,
Tobinson Alasin Briggs
1,
Kenneth Eloghene Okedu
2,* and
Chidozie Ezekwem
1
1
Energy and Thermofluids Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Rivers State, Nigeria
2
School of Information Technology and Engineering, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(19), 5207; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18195207
Submission received: 17 July 2025 / Revised: 10 September 2025 / Accepted: 18 September 2025 / Published: 30 September 2025

Abstract

This research presents Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping and development of biomass for combined heat and power (CHP) generation in Nigeria. It includes crop and forest classification, thermodynamic, and exergo-economic analyses using ArcGIS, Engineering Equation Solver, and Microsoft Excel. Syngas generated from biomass residues powered an integrated CHP system combining a gas turbine (GT), dual steam turbine (DST), and a cascade organic Rankine cycle (CORC) plant. The net power output of the integrated system stood at 2911 MW, with a major contribution from the gas turbine cycle (GTC) unit. The system had a total exergy destruction of 6480 MW, mainly in the combustion chamber (2143 MW) and HP-HRSG (1660 MW), and produced 3370.41 MW of heat, with a flue gas exit temperature of 74 °C. The plant’s energy and exergy efficiencies were 87.16% and 50.30%, respectively. The BCHP system showed good economic and environmental performance, with an annualized life cycle cost of USD 93.4 million, unit cost of energy of 0.0076 USD/kWh, and a 7.5-year break-even. The emissions and impact factors align with those of similar existing plants. It demonstrates that biomass residue can significantly support Nigeria’s energy needs and contribute to clean energy goals under the Paris Agreement and UN-SDGs. This work suggests a pathway to tackle energy insecurity, inform policymakers on biomass-to-energy, and serve as a foundation for future techno-economic–environmental assessment of biomass residues across suitable locations in Nigeria.
Keywords: biomass; energy; GIS; crop and forest residue; CHP plant biomass; energy; GIS; crop and forest residue; CHP plant

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ukoba, M.O.; Diemuodeke, O.E.; Briggs, T.A.; Okedu, K.E.; Ezekwem, C. GIS-Based Mapping and Development of Biomass-Fueled Integrated Combined Heat and Power Generation in Nigeria. Energies 2025, 18, 5207. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18195207

AMA Style

Ukoba MO, Diemuodeke OE, Briggs TA, Okedu KE, Ezekwem C. GIS-Based Mapping and Development of Biomass-Fueled Integrated Combined Heat and Power Generation in Nigeria. Energies. 2025; 18(19):5207. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18195207

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ukoba, Michael Ogheneruemu, Ogheneruona Endurance Diemuodeke, Tobinson Alasin Briggs, Kenneth Eloghene Okedu, and Chidozie Ezekwem. 2025. "GIS-Based Mapping and Development of Biomass-Fueled Integrated Combined Heat and Power Generation in Nigeria" Energies 18, no. 19: 5207. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18195207

APA Style

Ukoba, M. O., Diemuodeke, O. E., Briggs, T. A., Okedu, K. E., & Ezekwem, C. (2025). GIS-Based Mapping and Development of Biomass-Fueled Integrated Combined Heat and Power Generation in Nigeria. Energies, 18(19), 5207. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18195207

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