Optimizing Energy Efficiency in Deep-Sea Mining: A Study on Swirling Flow Transportation of Double-Size Mineral Particles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mathematical Model
2.1. Governing Equations for Fluid Phase
2.2. Governing Equations for Particle Phase
3. Simulation Settings
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Model Validation
4.2. Characteristic of Swirling Flow
4.3. Characteristic of Particle Movement
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- In comparison to pipeline axial transport, the particle movement observed in swirling flow transport is characterized by a spiral trajectory. An increase in the SR results in an elevated pressure drop within the pipe.
- (2)
- The maximum value of the flow velocity is observed to increase by 21% as the SR is increased from SR = 0 to SR = 0.5, thereby indicating that the SR exerts a significant effect on the velocity within the pipe. The tangential velocity distribution undergoes a gradual transition from centrosymmetric to non-centrosymmetric as the distance from the inlet increases.
- (3)
- An increase in SR results in an augmentation of the centrifugal force exerted on the particles within the pipe, thereby rendering them more inclined to move towards the wall. The weaker inertial effect of small particles means that they are more likely to migrate towards the vicinity of the wall under the action of the swirling flow field. This results in a greater concentration of small particles near the wall than of large particles. Furthermore, the local particle concentration at varying points along the axial direction is observed to increase considerably, with a maximum increase of 25% occurring when SR = 0.5.
- (4)
- SR = 0.3 represents a critical threshold. When SR is greater than 0.3, the distribution of particles in the cross-section is in a relatively stable state. Even if the SR is increased, it is challenging to achieve a significant change in the distribution and concentration of particles. Furthermore, when SR is greater than 0.3, the maximum local particle concentration in the vicinity of the wall tends to stabilize.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scheme | Tangential Velocity Vt (m/s) | Axial Velocity Va (m/s) | SR (Vt/Va) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
2 | 0.3 | 3 | 0.1 |
3 | 0.6 | 3 | 0.2 |
4 | 0.9 | 3 | 0.3 |
5 | 1.2 | 3 | 0.4 |
6 | 1.5 | 3 | 0.5 |
Parameters | Values |
---|---|
Liquid property | |
Liquid density (kg/m3) | 1025 |
Liquid viscosity (Pa‧s) | 0.0015 |
Solid property | |
Young’s modulus (Pa) | |
Poisson ratio | 0.33 |
Particle density (kg/m3) | 2000 |
Particle diameter (mm) | 6, 12 |
Particle–wall sliding friction coefficient | 0.1 |
Particle–particle sliding friction coefficient | 0.28 |
Coefficient of restitution | 0.45 |
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Chen, X.; Chen, Y.; Wu, X.; Zhu, P.; Yang, L. Optimizing Energy Efficiency in Deep-Sea Mining: A Study on Swirling Flow Transportation of Double-Size Mineral Particles. Energies 2024, 17, 4240. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174240
Chen X, Chen Y, Wu X, Zhu P, Yang L. Optimizing Energy Efficiency in Deep-Sea Mining: A Study on Swirling Flow Transportation of Double-Size Mineral Particles. Energies. 2024; 17(17):4240. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174240
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Xiaodong, Yaoyao Chen, Xu Wu, Peilin Zhu, and Lele Yang. 2024. "Optimizing Energy Efficiency in Deep-Sea Mining: A Study on Swirling Flow Transportation of Double-Size Mineral Particles" Energies 17, no. 17: 4240. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174240
APA StyleChen, X., Chen, Y., Wu, X., Zhu, P., & Yang, L. (2024). Optimizing Energy Efficiency in Deep-Sea Mining: A Study on Swirling Flow Transportation of Double-Size Mineral Particles. Energies, 17(17), 4240. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174240