A Bi-Directional Dual-Input Dual-Output Converter for Voltage Balancer in Bipolar DC Microgrid
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- The DIDO converter simultaneously performs voltage balancing and bidirectional power controls with dual inputs and outputs. Independent bidirectional power control and balancing control are realized under all load conditions.
- (2)
- Three types of modulation methods are performed. All three modulations can compensate for unbalanced power. Among the three types of modulation methods, the second modulation method reduces the current ripple in the voltage balancer without increasing the switching frequency.
- (3)
- To maintain voltage balancing without active input sources, additional modulation and control methods are required. Unlike conventional converters, this paper proposes a voltage balancer mode without active input sources.
2. Proposed DIDO Converter
2.1. Configuration of the DIDO Converter
2.2. Modulation Methods of DIDO Converter for Voltage Balancing in BDCMG
2.2.1. Case A:
2.2.2. Case B: and
2.2.3. Case C:
2.3. Modulation Methods of DIDO Converter for Voltage Balancing in BDCMG
2.4. Modeling of DIDO Converter
3. Experimental Results
3.1. Experimental Result of the DIDO Converter without Voltage Balancing Method
3.2. Experimental Results with the Proposed Method in Case A
3.3. Experimental Results with the Proposed Method in Case B
3.4. Experimental Results with the Proposed Method in Case C
3.5. Experimental Result of the Only Voltage Balancer Mode
3.6. Comparison of Conventional Converters and the DIDO Converter in BDCMG
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ref | Topology | Input Sources of Converter | Control and Voltage Balancing Method | Voltage Balancing without Input Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
[11] | SEPIC-Cuk Combination Converter | Single source | Unidirectional control with voltage balancing | No |
[12] | Dual Output Boost Converter | Single source | Independent voltage control loops | No |
[13] | Boost-SEPIC Interleaved Converter | Single source | Bidirectional control with voltage balancing | Yes |
[14] | Modified Series-capacitor Converter | Single source | Bidirectional control with voltage balancing | No |
[15] | Buck three-level Converter | Single source | Balancing control with modulation method | No |
[16] | Full-bridge three-level Converter | Single source | Balancing control with modulation method | No |
[17] | Integrated three-level Boost Converter | Single source | Independent voltage control loops | Not considered |
[18] | Three-level DAB Converter | Single source | Balancing control with modulation method | No |
[19] | Enhanced Two-level DAB Converter | Single source | Bidirectional control with voltage balancing | Not considered |
[20] | DIDO Unidirectional DC–DC Converter | Dual sources | Unidirectional control with single bus voltage control | No |
This paper | DIDO Bidirectional DC–DC Converter | Dual sources | 1. Bidirectional and voltage balancing control with modulation method 2. Only voltage balancer mode without input sources | Yes |
- | Theoretical Analysis |
---|---|
Case | Operating Range of Duty Ratio | Used Switches for Voltage Balancing |
---|---|---|
A | S2 or S3 | |
B | S1, S2 or S3, S4 | |
C | S1 or S4 |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Input voltage #1 (Vin1) | 150 – 170 V |
Input voltage #2 (Vin2) | 55 – 130 V |
DC link voltage (Vout) | 190 V |
Inductor (L1, L2, L3) | 500 μH |
Capacitor (Cin1, Cin2, Cout1, Cout2) | 280 μF |
Switching frequency (fs) | 20 kHz |
Topology | No. of Power Switches (MOSFET + Diode) | No. of Inductors + Capacitor (Input and Output) | Power Flow | Controllable Port (Input + Output Source) | Peak Efficiency (Power) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[11] | 1 + 2 | 4 + 5 | Unidirectional | 1 + 2 | 88.1% (450 W) |
[12] | 2 + 2 | 2 + 3 | Unidirectional | 1 + 2 | 89.6% (53.5 W) |
[13] | 4 + 0 | 3 + 4 | Bidirectional | 1 + 2 | 96.1% (200 W) |
[14] | 4 + 0 | 2 + 3 | Bidirectional | 1 + 2 | 96.39% (60 kW) |
[17] | 4 + 2 | 2 + 3 | Bidirectional | 1 + 2 | - |
[20] | 2 + 4 | 1 + 4 | Unidirectional | 2 + 2 | 93% (200 W) |
This paper | 6 + 0 | 3 + 4 | Bidirectional | 2 + 2 | 94.8% (1 kW) |
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Kim, S.-H.; Byun, H.-J.; Yi, J.; Won, C.-Y. A Bi-Directional Dual-Input Dual-Output Converter for Voltage Balancer in Bipolar DC Microgrid. Energies 2022, 15, 5043. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15145043
Kim S-H, Byun H-J, Yi J, Won C-Y. A Bi-Directional Dual-Input Dual-Output Converter for Voltage Balancer in Bipolar DC Microgrid. Energies. 2022; 15(14):5043. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15145043
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Sung-Hun, Hyung-Jun Byun, Junsin Yi, and Chung-Yuen Won. 2022. "A Bi-Directional Dual-Input Dual-Output Converter for Voltage Balancer in Bipolar DC Microgrid" Energies 15, no. 14: 5043. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15145043