A Comprehensive Energy Model for an Optimal Design of a Hybrid Refrigerated Van
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Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
2
ISTENER Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Campus de Riu Sec s/n, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Pavel A. Strizhak
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4864; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134864
Received: 3 June 2022
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Revised: 27 June 2022
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Accepted: 28 June 2022
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Published: 2 July 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic Cooling Technologies and Applications)
The path towards decarbonization requires a progressive adaptation of all refrigeration systems, but only stationary ones have been intensely studied to improve their environmental performance. However, refrigerated transport is vital in the cold chain and must be considered in the green transition. In this paper, we propose a model for a hybrid refrigerated van that includes photovoltaic panels and electric batteries to decrease total greenhouse gas emissions from the engine. Thermal, electrical, and battery sub-models are considered and integrated into the comprehensive hybrid solar-powered refrigerated van model. Different technologies are compared, including lithium and lead-acid batteries and three different types of photovoltaic panels. The model was validated regarding van fuel consumption, showing a 4% deviation. Single and multiple delivery scenarios are considered to assess the energy, economic, and environmental benefits. Monthly CO2,e emissions could be reduced by 20% compared to a standard refrigerated van. Despite the environmental benefits provided by this sustainable solution, the payback period is still too long (above 20 years) because of the necessary investment to adapt the vehicle and considering fuel and electricity prices currently.
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Keywords:
refrigerated transport; photovoltaic panels; electrical batteries; thermal model; cold chain; carbon emissions
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MDPI and ACS Style
Maiorino, A.; Mota-Babiloni, A.; Petruzziello, F.; Del Duca, M.G.; Ariano, A.; Aprea, C. A Comprehensive Energy Model for an Optimal Design of a Hybrid Refrigerated Van. Energies 2022, 15, 4864. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134864
AMA Style
Maiorino A, Mota-Babiloni A, Petruzziello F, Del Duca MG, Ariano A, Aprea C. A Comprehensive Energy Model for an Optimal Design of a Hybrid Refrigerated Van. Energies. 2022; 15(13):4864. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134864
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaiorino, Angelo, Adrián Mota-Babiloni, Fabio Petruzziello, Manuel Gesù Del Duca, Andrea Ariano, and Ciro Aprea. 2022. "A Comprehensive Energy Model for an Optimal Design of a Hybrid Refrigerated Van" Energies 15, no. 13: 4864. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134864
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