Combustion Characteristics, Kinetics, SO2 and NO Release of Low-Grade Biomass Materials and Briquettes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Methodology
2.1. Materials and Preparation
2.2. Briquetting Process
2.3. Experimental Methods
2.4. Thermogravimetric Analysis of Biomass Briquettes
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effects of Combustion Temperature
3.2. Effect of Briquetting Process on the SO2 and NO Reduction
3.3. Thermogravimetric Analysis Results
3.3.1. The Thermochemical Behaviours of Biomass Briquettes
3.3.2. The Kinetic Characteristic of Biomass Briquettes
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BR | Obtained briquettes. |
DTG | Differential thermogravimetric. |
HHV | Higher heating value, []. |
TB | Tree bulk. |
TG | Thermogravimetric. |
WS | Wheat straw. |
The conversion rate of the sample, [%]. | |
The heating rate, [ ]. | |
Nitrogen conversion ratio, [%]. | |
Sulphur conversion ratio, [%]. | |
A | The pre-exponential factor, []. |
The NO content at the time t, [ppm]. | |
The SO2 content at the time t, [ppm]. | |
The gas flue volume flow rate at time t, []. | |
The ignition index, []. | |
The maximum weight loss rate, []. | |
E | The value of active Energy, []. |
The differential conversion function. | |
The reaction rate constant. | |
S | The combustion characteristics index, []. |
t | One specific experiment time, []. |
The burnout temperature, []. | |
The ignition temperature, []. | |
The gas flue volume flow rate at time t, []. |
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Sample | Proximate Analysis (W%) | Ultimate Analyses (W%) | HHV (MJ kg) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | A | FC | V | C | H | O | N | S | ||
BR-1 | 4.54 | 22.50 | 15.56 | 57.40 | 36.19 | 4.93 | 30.40 | 1.40 | 0.04 | 15.42 |
BR-2 | 1.16 | 15.40 | 17.63 | 65.81 | 41.01 | 5.42 | 34.32 | 1.25 | 1.44 | 17.11 |
WS | 5.88 | 10.12 | 16.20 | 67.82 | 34.80 | 5.15 | 40.14 | 3.53 | 0.38 | 17.61 |
TB | 4.74 | 11.74 | 18.64 | 64.88 | 36.52 | 4.79 | 31.93 | 10.12 | 0.16 | 16.84 |
Items | TB-Briquette | WS-Briquette | BR-1 | BR-2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
/[] | 287 | 273 | 278 | 282 |
/[] | 795 | 567 | 666 | 656 |
/[] | 339 | 320 | 325 | 334 |
/[] | 0.380 | 0.457 | 0.541 | 0.667 |
/[] | 683 | - | 455 | 454 |
/[] | 0.023 | - | 0.176 | 0.269 |
/[] | 0.174 | 0.299 | 0.221 | 0.232 |
/[] | 1.302 | 1.744 | 1.996 | 2.361 |
/[] | 0.112 | 0.360 | 0.258 | 0.329 |
Samples | Temperature/[C] | Fitting Equations | E/[kJ mol] | A/[s] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TB-Briquette | 275–358 | 32.67 | 0.78 | 0.999 | |
358–459 | 16.97 | 0.03 | 0.997 | ||
459–543 | 63.05 | 784.38 | 0.998 | ||
WS-Briquette | 266–335 | 60.62 | 214.15 | 0.996 | |
335–459 | 18.15 | 0.06 | 0.992 | ||
459–499 | 80.71 | 67,489.77 | 0.997 | ||
BR-1 | 258–342 | 47.51 | 17.55 | 0.997 | |
342–459 | 17.07 | 0.04 | 0.992 | ||
459–517 | 62.49 | 1082.76 | 0.999 | ||
BR-2 | 258–350 | 51.15 | 35.61 | 0.994 | |
350–444 | 17.66 | 0.04 | 0.989 | ||
444–505 | 62.13 | 819.52 | 0.999 |
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Qi, J.; Li, H.; Wang, Q.; Han, K. Combustion Characteristics, Kinetics, SO2 and NO Release of Low-Grade Biomass Materials and Briquettes. Energies 2021, 14, 2655. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092655
Qi J, Li H, Wang Q, Han K. Combustion Characteristics, Kinetics, SO2 and NO Release of Low-Grade Biomass Materials and Briquettes. Energies. 2021; 14(9):2655. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092655
Chicago/Turabian StyleQi, Jianhui, Haopeng Li, Qian Wang, and Kuihua Han. 2021. "Combustion Characteristics, Kinetics, SO2 and NO Release of Low-Grade Biomass Materials and Briquettes" Energies 14, no. 9: 2655. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092655