Development of an Informative Lithium-Ion Battery Datasheet
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Physical Parameters
3. Electrical Performance and Operating Limits
3.1. Capacity Parameters
3.2. Charge/Discharge Procedures and Limitations
3.3. Voltage Parameters
3.4. Impedance/Resistance Parameters
3.5. Energy and Power Parameters
4. Reliability and Recommendations for Storage
4.1. Cycle Life
4.2. Storage Life
5. Safety and Safety Caution
6. Discrepancies in Datasheets for the Same Battery Model
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Manufacturer | Model | Shape | Weight (g) | Diameter (mm) | Height (mm) | Length, Width, Thickness (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Panasonic | NCR18650PF [16] | Cylindrical | Max. 48.0 | Max. 18.5 | Max. 65.3 | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650B [15] | Cylindrical | Max 48.5 | Max. 18.5 | Max. 65.3 | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650BD [17] | Cylindrical | Max. 49.5 | Max. 18.25 | Max. 65.10 | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650BF [18] | Cylindrical | Max. 46.5 | Typ. 18.2 | Typ. 65.0 | — |
Panasonic | UR18650GA [19] | Cylindrical | Max. 48.0 | Max. 18.50 | Max. 65.30 | — |
Panasonic | UR18650ZY | Cylindrical | Max. 48.0 | 18.35 ± 0.25 | (64.8 − 0.25)–(64.8 + 0.2) | — |
Panasonic | UR1865ZM2 | Cylindrical | Max. 46.4 | 18.3 ± 0.2 | (65.1 − 0.25)–(65.1 + 0.2) | — |
Samsung | ICR18650-26J [20] | Cylindrical | Max. 45.0 | Max. 18.4 | Max. 65.00 | — |
Samsung | INR21700-50E [21] | Cylindrical | Max. 69 | Max. 20.25 | Max. 70.80 | — |
Samsung | NR18650-15Q [22] | Cylindrical | Max. 48.0 | 18.15 ± 0.1 | 64.6 ± 0.5 | — |
LG Chem | 18650HE2 [23] | Cylindrical | Max. 48.0 | (18.3 − 0.3)–(18.3 + 0.2) | 65.0 ± 0.2 | — |
LG Chem | ICR18650MF1 [24] | Cylindrical | Approx. 44.0 | (18.3 − 0.3)–(18.3 + 0.1) | 65.0 ± 0.2 | — |
LG Chem | INR18650 B4 [25] | Cylindrical | Approx. Max. 48.0 | 18.29 ± 0.11 | ≤65.05 | — |
A123 | AMP20m1HD-A [26] | Pouch | 496 | — | — | Length: 227 Width: 160 Thickness: 7.25 |
A123 | ANR26650m1-B [27] | Cylindrical | 76 | 26 | 65 | — |
ATL | 902738 [28] | Pouch | — | — | — | Length: Max. 41.3 Width: Max. 27.1 Thickness: fresh max. 9.07; after swelling 9.8 |
Routejade | SLPB8043128H | Pouch | Max. 84.0 | — | — | Length: Max. 128.0 Width: Max. 43.0 Thickness: Max. 7.8 |
Routejade | SLPB526495 | Pouch | Max. 63.2 | — | — | Length: Max. 95.5 Width: Max. 64.50 Thickness: Max. 5.20 |
EEMB | LIR18650 [29] | Cylindrical | 46.5 ± 1 | Max. 18.4 | Max. 65.2 | — |
EEMB | LIR1632 [30] | Coin | Approx. 1.7 ± 0.3 | (16.0 − 0.2)–16.0 | 3.2–(3.2 + 0.35) | — |
GMB | GMB043450S [31] | Prismatic | Approx. 14 | — | — | Length: Max. 50.1 Width: Max. 34.0 Thickness: Max. 4.3 |
VPW | 580013 [32] | Prismatic | 1.288 kg ± 0.02 | — | — | Length: 148 ± 0.15 Width: 101 ± 0.15 Thickness: 39 ± 0.15 |
VPW | 580049 [33] | Pouch | 0.415 kg ± 0.02 | — | — | Length: 194 Width: 91 Thickness: 11.8 |
Toshiba | Toshiba-LTO-20AH [34] | Prismatic | 515 g | — | — | Length: 116 Width: 106 Thickness: 22 |
Johnson Controls-SAFT | MP 174865 xlr | Prismatic | ~121 g | — | — | Width: 48.0 Height: 65.0 Thickness: 19.0 |
Manufacturer | Model | Rated Capacity (mAh) | Minimum Capacity (mAh) | Typical Capacity (mAh) | Nominal Capacity (mAh) | Standard Capacity (mAh) | 1 C (mA) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Panasonic | NCR18650PF | Min. 2700 (20 °C) | 2750 (25 °C) | 2900 (25 °C) | — | — | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650B [15] | Min. 3200 (20 °C) | 3250 (25 °C) | 3350 (25 °C) | — | — | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650BD | 2980|2910 (20 °C) | 3030|2935 (25 °C) | 3180|3080 (25 °C) | — | — | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650BF | Min. 3200 (20 °C) | — | — | Min. 3250 Typ. 3350 (25 °C) | — | — |
Panasonic | UR18650GA | 3300 (20 °C) | 3350 (25 °C) | 3450 (25 °C) | — | — | — |
Panasonic | UR18650ZY | 2450 (20 °C) | 2500 (25 °C) | 2600 | — | — | — |
Panasonic | UR1865ZM2 | — | — | 2550 | 2420 2470 | — | — |
Samsung | ICR18650-26J | — | — | — | — | Min. 2550 | 2600 |
Samsung | INR21700-50E | Min. 4753 | — | — | — | Min. 4900 | 4900 |
Samsung | NR18650-15Q | 1500 | — | — | — | 145 | — |
LG Chem | 18650HE2 | — | — | — | 2500 | — | — |
LG Chem | ICR18650MF1 | — | 2050 | — | 2150 | — | 2150 |
LG Chem | INR18650 B4 | — | 2500 | — | 2600 | — | 2500 |
A123 | AMP20m1HD-A | — | 19.6 Ah | — | — | — | — |
A123 | ANR26650m1-B | — | 2.4 Ah | — | 2.5 Ah | — | — |
ATL | 902738 | — | 90 | 92 | — | — | — |
Routejade | SLPB8043128H | — | — | — | 3300 | — | 3300 |
Routejade | SLPB526495 | — | — | — | 3200 | — | 3200 |
EEMB | LIR18650 | — | 2500 | 2500 | 2600 | — | — |
EEMB | LIR1632 | 25 ± 5 | — | — | — | — | — |
GMB | GMB043450S | — | 530 | 550 | — | — | 550 |
VPW | 580013 | — | — | 75 Ah | — | — | — |
VPW | 580049 | — | — | 22 Ah | — | — | — |
Toshiba | Toshiba-LTO-20AH | — | — | — | 20 Ah | — | — |
Johnson Controls-SAFT | MP 174865 xlr | — | — | 5.3 Ah | — | — | 5.1 A |
Manufacturer | Model | Charge | Discharge | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Standard Current/C-Rate | Max. Current/C-Rate | Temperature Range (°C) | Standard Current/C-Rate | Max. Current/C-Rate | Temperature Range (°C) | ||
Panasonic | NCR18650PF | 1375 mA | — | 0–45 | — | — | −20–60 |
Panasonic | NCR18650B [15] | 1625 mA | — | 10–45 | — | — | −20–60 |
Panasonic | NCR18650BD | 0.3 C | — | 10–45 | — | — | −20–60 |
Panasonic | NCR18650BF | 1625 mA | — | 0–45 | — | — | −20–60 |
Panasonic | UR18650GA | 1475 mA | — | 10–45 | — | — | −20–60 |
Panasonic | UR18650ZY | 1.75 A | — | 0–45 | — | Continuous: 5 A | −20–60 |
Panasonic | UR1865ZM2 | 1.24 A at 10–45 °C; 0.62 A at 0–10 °C | — | 0–45 | — | 10 A | −20–60 |
Samsung | ICR18650-26J | 1.3 A | — | 0–45 | 520 mA | Continuous: 5.2 A | −10–60 |
Samsung | INR21700-50E | 2450 mA | 4900 mA | 0–45 | 980 mA | Continuous: 9800 mA; Non-continuous: 14,700 mA | −20–60 |
Samsung | NR18650-15Q | 750 mA | 4 A at 25 °C | 5–45 | — | 18 A at 25 °C | −20–60 |
LG Chem | 18650HE2 | 1250 mA | 4000 mA | 0–50 | 500 mA | Continuous: 20,000 mA | −20–75 |
LG Chem | ICR18650MF1 | 0.5 C | 1 C | 0–45 | 0.2 C | 10 A | −20–60 |
LG Chem | INR18650 B4 | 0.5 C | 1 C | 0–45 | 0.2 C | −20–5 °C: 0.5 C; 5–45 °C: 2 C; 45–60 °C: 1.5 C | −20–60 |
A123 | AMP20m1HD-A | — | — | −30–55 | — | — | −30–55 |
A123 | ANR26650m1-B | 2.5 A | — | −30–55 | — | Continuous: 50 A; 10 s pulse: 120 A | −30–55 |
ATL | 902738 | — | — | 0–45 | — | 1 C | −10–60 |
Routejade | SLPB8043128H | 1 C | 2 C | 0–45 | 1 C | Continuous: 20 C; Pulse: 40 C | −10–60 |
Routejade | SLPB526495 | 1 C | 2 C | 0–45 | 1 C | Continuous: 2 C; Pulse: 3 C | −10–60 |
EEMB | LIR18650 | 0.52 A | — | 0–45 | 0.52 A | Pulse: 2.6 A | −20–60 |
EEMB | LIR1632 | 0.5 C | 1 C | −20–45 | — | 2 C | −20–60 |
GMB | GMB043450S | 0.5 C | Continuous: 1 C | 0–45 | 0.2 C | Continuous: 1.5 C | −20–60 |
VPW | 580013 | — | — | 10–45 | — | Continuous at 25 °C: 150 A; 60 s Pulse at 25 °C: 300 A | −30–60 |
VPW | 580049 | — | — | 0–45 | — | Continuous at 25 °C: 330 A; 60 s pulse at 25 °C: 660 A | −20–60 |
Toshiba | Toshiba-LTO-20AH | — | — | −30–50 | — | — | — |
Johnson Controls-SAFT | MP 174865 xlr | — | 5 A | −35–60 | C/5 | Continuous: 10 A; Pulses: 21 A | −30–60 |
Manufacturer | Model | Nominal Voltage (V) | Typical Voltage (V) | Voltage Range (V) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Panasonic | NCR18650PF | 3.6 | — | 2.5–4.2 |
Panasonic | NCR18650B [15] | 3.6 | — | 2.5–4.2 |
Panasonic | NCR18650BD | 3.6 | — | 2.5–4.2 |
Panasonic | NCR18650BF | 3.6 | — | 2.5–4.2 |
Panasonic | UR18650GA | 3.6 | — | 2.5–4.2 |
Panasonic | UR18650ZY | 3.7 | — | 2.75–4.2 |
Panasonic | UR1865ZM2 | 3.6 | — | 2.5–4.2 |
Samsung | ICR18650-26J | 3.63 | — | 2.75–4.2 |
Samsung | INR21700-50E | 3.6 | — | 2.5–4.2 |
Samsung | INR18650-15Q | 3.6 | — | 2.5–4.2 |
LG Chem | 18650HE2 | Average for standard discharge: 3.6 | — | 2.5–4.2 |
LG Chem | ICR18650MF1 | Average for standard discharge: 3.65 | — | 2.75–4.2 |
LG Chem | INR18650 B4 | 3.6 | — | 2.75–4.2 |
A123 | AMP20m1HD-A | 3.3 | — | — |
A123 | ANR26650m1-B | 3.3 | — | 2–3.6 |
ATL | 902738 | — | 3.7 | 3–4.2 |
Routejade | SLPB8043128H | 3.7 | — | 3–4.2 |
Routejade | SLPB526495 | 3.7 | — | 2.7–4.2, but cycle at 3–4.2 |
EEMB | LIR18650 | Average value of the working voltage during the whole discharge process: 3.7 | — | 2.75–4.2 |
EEMB | LIR1632 | 3.6 | — | 2.75–4.2 |
GMB | GMB043450S | Mean operation voltage during standard discharge after standard charge: 3.7 | — | 2.75–4.2 |
VPW | 580013 | 3.65 | — | 2.8–4.2 |
VPW | 580049 | 3.7 | — | 3.0–4.2 |
Toshiba | Toshiba-LTO-20AH | 2.4 | — | 1.5–2.7 |
Johnson Controls-SAFT | MP 174865 xlr | 3.65 | — | 2.5–4.2 |
Manufacturer | Model | Impedance/Resistance |
---|---|---|
Panasonic | NCR18650PF | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650B [15] | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650BD | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650BF | — |
Panasonic | UR18650GA | — |
Panasonic | UR18650ZY | AC impedance at 1 kHz: <100 mΩ |
Panasonic | UR1865ZM2 | AC impedance at 1 kHz: <40 mΩ |
Samsung | ICR18650-26J | AC impedance at 1 kHz: <35 mΩ after standard charge |
Samsung | INR21700-50E | AC impedance at 1 kHz: <35 mΩ after standard charge |
Samsung | NR18650-15Q | AC impedance at 1 kHz: <25 mΩ after standard charge |
LG Chem | 18650HE2 | — |
LG Chem | ICR18650MF1 | AC impedance at 1 kHz: <35 mΩ after standard charge |
LG Chem | INR18650 B4 | AC impedance at 1 kHz: <70 mΩ after standard charge |
A123 | AMP20m1HD-A | — |
A123 | ANR26650m1-B | — |
ATL | 902738 | AC impedance at 1 kHz: <300 mΩ at 50% SOC |
Routejade | SLPB8043128H | AC impedance at 1 kHz: <5 mΩ after standard charge |
Routejade | SLPB526495 | AC impedance at 1 kHz: <15 mΩ after standard charge |
EEMB | LIR18650 | AC impedance ≤70 mΩ |
EEMB | LIR1632 | — |
GMB | GMB043450S | AC impedance at 1 kHz: ≤70 mΩ |
VPW | 580013 | DC resistance ≤1.4 mΩ |
VPW | 580049 | DC resistance ≤2 mΩ |
Toshiba | Toshiba-LTO-20AH | — |
Johnson Controls-SAFT | MP 174865 xlr | — |
Manufacturer | Model | Specific Energy (Wh/kg) | Energy Density (Wh/L) | Specific Power (W/kg) | Power Density (W/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Panasonic | NCR18650PF | 207 | 577 | — | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650B [15] | 243 | 676 | — | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650BD | 217|212 | 630|615 | — | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650BF | 248 | 677 | — | — |
Panasonic | UR18650GA | 224 | 693 | — | — |
Panasonic | UR18650ZY | — | — | — | — |
Panasonic | UR1865ZM2 | — | — | — | — |
Samsung | ICR18650-26J | — | — | — | — |
Samsung | INR21700-50E | — | — | — | — |
Samsung | NR18650-15Q | — | — | — | — |
LG Chem | 18650HE2 | — | — | — | — |
LG Chem | ICR18650MF1 | — | — | — | — |
LG Chem | INR18650 B4 | — | — | — | — |
A123 | AMP20m1HD-A | 131 | 247 | 2400 | — |
A123 | ANR26650m1-B | — | — | 2600, @ 23 °C, 50% SOC, 10 s discharge | — |
ATL | 902738 | — | — | — | — |
Routejade | SLPB8043128H | — | — | — | — |
Routejade | SLPB526495 | — | — | — | — |
EEMB | LIR18650 | — | — | — | — |
EEMB | LIR1632 | — | — | — | — |
GMB | GMB043450S | — | — | — | — |
VPW | 580013 | 213 | — | ≥1368.8 | — |
VPW | 580049 | 196 | — | ≥5884 | — |
Toshiba | Toshiba-LTO-20AH | — | 176 | — | — |
Johnson Controls-SAFT | MP 174865 xlr | 159 | 371 | — | — |
Manufacturer | Model | Cycle Life |
---|---|---|
Panasonic | NCR18650PF | The capacity fade curve for 500 cycles |
Panasonic | NCR18650B [15] | The capacity fade curve for 500 cycles |
Panasonic | NCR18650BD | The capacity fade curve for 500 cycles |
Panasonic | NCR18650BF | The capacity fade curve for 300 cycles |
Panasonic | UR18650GA | The capacity fade curve for 500 cycles |
Panasonic | UR18650ZY | Discharge time >38 min. at standard discharge conditions after 300 cycles |
Panasonic | UR1865ZM2 | The capacity fade curve for 1000 cycles |
Samsung | ICR18650-26J | ≥1785 mAh (70%) after 300 cycles |
Samsung | INR21700-50E | ≥3802 mAh (80%) after 500 cycles |
Samsung | NR18650-15Q | ≥870 mAh (60%) after 250 cycles |
LG Chem | 18650HE2 | ≥60% after 300 cycles at 10 A discharge or after 200 cycles at 20 A discharge |
LG Chem | ICR18650MF1 | ≥70% after 500 cycles |
LG Chem | INR18650 B4 | ≥80% after 300 cycles |
A123 | AMP20m1HD-A | The capacity fade curve for 3200 cycles |
A123 | ANR26650m1-B | The capacity fade curves for three conditions up to 1450 cycles |
ATL | 902738 | — |
Routejade | SLPB8043128H | ≥2560 mAh after 1000 cycles |
Routejade | SLPB526495 | ≥2640 mAh after 1000 cycles |
EEMB | LIR18650 | ≥2050 mAh after 300 cycles |
EEMB | LIR1632 | ≥80% after 500 cycles |
GMB | GMB043450S | ≥70% after 500 cycles |
VPW | 580013 | ≥80% after 2000 cycles at 25 °C, or after 1200 cycles at 45 °C |
VPW | 580049 | ≥80% after 200 cycles |
Toshiba | Toshiba-LTO-20AH | The capacity fade curve at 3C, 25 °C up to 15,000 cycles |
Johnson Controls-SAFT | MP 174865 xlr | The capacity fade curve at C/2, 20 °C up to 950 cycles |
Manufacturer | Model | Storage Temperature (°C) | Charge Retention | Capacity Retention |
---|---|---|---|---|
Panasonic | NCR18650PF | −20–50 | — | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650B [15] | −20–50 | — | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650BD | −20–50 | — | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650BF | −20–50 | — | — |
Panasonic | UR18650GA | −20–50 | — | — |
Panasonic | UR18650ZY | −20–50, less than 1 month −20–40, less than 3 months −20–20, less than 1 year | Discharge time > 30 min (25 °C) after 20 days at 60 °C, 100% SOC | Discharge time > 40 min (25 °C) after 20 days at 60 °C, 100% SOC and being fully charged at 25 °C |
Panasonic | UR1865ZM2 | 20–50, less than 1 month −20–40, less than 3 months −20–20, less than 1 year | — | — |
Samsung | ICR18650-26J | −20–60, 1 month −20–45, 3 months −20–23, 1 year | Charge ≥ 2040 mAh (80%) after 30 days at 23 °C, 100% SOC | — |
Samsung | INR21700-50E | −20–60, 1 month −20–45, 3 months −20–23, 1 year | Charge ≥ 2040 mAh (80%) after 30 days at 60 °C, 100% SOC | — |
Samsung | NR18650-15Q | 45–60, 1 month 20–45, 3 months −20–25, 18 months | — | — |
LG Chem | 18650HE2 | −20–60, 1 month −20–45, 3 months −20–20, 1 year | Charge ≥ 90% after 1 month at 23 °C, 100% SOC | Capacity ≥ 80% after 1 week at 60 °C, 100% SOC |
LG Chem | ICR18650MF1 | −20–60, 1 month −20–45, 3 months −20–20, 1 year | Charge ≥ 90% after 30 days at 25 °C, 100% SOC | Capacity ≥ 80% after 1 week at 60 °C, 100% SOC |
LG Chem | INR18650 B4 | −20–60, 1 month −20–45, 3 months −20–20, 1 year | Charge ≥ 90% after 30 days at 25 °C, 100% SOC | Capacity ≥ 80% after 1 week at 60 °C, 100% SOC |
A123 | AMP20m1HD-A | −40–60 | — | — |
A123 | ANR26650m1-B | −40–60 | — | — |
ATL | 902738 | — | The cell voltage for long-time storage shall be 3.6–3.9 V at 25 ± 3 °C after 3 months | — |
Routejade | SLPB8043128H | 40–60 for up to 1 week 25–40 for up to 3 months −20–25 for up to 1 year | Charge ≥ 75% after 1 week at 60 °C, 100% SOC | — |
Routejade | SLPB526495 | 40–60 for up to 1 week 25–40 for up to 3 months −20–25 for up to 1 year | Charge ≥ 75% after 1 week at 60 °C, 100% SOC | — |
EEMB | LIR18650 | 1 month: −5–35 °C; 6 months: 0–35 °C. | Discharge time ≥4 h after 12 months storage at 40–50% SOC at 25 °C, 65 ± 20% RH | — |
EEMB | LIR1632 | 1 month: −20–60 °C 3 months: −20–45 °C 12 months: −20–25 °C | Electricity Charge: 80% after 28 days at 20 °C at 100% SOC | Capacity fade over storage time at 20, 40, 60 °C |
GMB | GMB043450S | Less than 1 year: −20–25 Less than 3 months: −20–40 | — | — |
VPW | 580013 | — | — | — |
VPW | 580049 | — | — | — |
Toshiba | Toshiba-LTO-20AH | — | — | The capacity fade over float storage time at 25, 35 and 45 °C, 2.7 V |
Johnson Controls-SAFT | MP 174865 xlr | Recommended: 10–30 Allowable: −40–60 | — | — |
Manufacturer | Model | Environmental | Electrical | Mechanical | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thermal Shock | Heating | Low Temperature | Low Pressure | Overcharge | External Short-Circuiting | Over-Discharge | Impact | Drop | Vibration | Crush | Nail Penetration | ||
Panasonic | NCR18650PF | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650B [15] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650BD | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Panasonic | NCR18650BF | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Panasonic | UR18650GA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Panasonic | UR18650ZY | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | √ | — | — | — |
Panasonic | UR1865ZM2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Samsung | ICR18650-26J | — | √ | — | — | √ | √ | √ | — | √ | √ | — | — |
Samsung | INR21700-50E | — | √ | — | — | √ | √ | √ | — | √ | √ | — | — |
Samsung | INR18650-15Q | — | √ | — | — | √ | √ | — | √ | √ | — | — | |
LG Chem | 18650HE2 | √ | √ | — | — | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | — |
LG Chem | ICR18650MF1 | √ | √ | — | — | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | — |
LG Chem | INR18650 B4 | √ | √ | — | — | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | — |
A123 | AMP20m1HD-A | — | √ | — | — | √ | √ | √ | — | — | — | √ | √ |
A123 | ANR26650m1-B | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
ATL | 902738 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Routejade | SLPB8043128H | — | √ | — | — | — | √ | — | √ | — | — | — | — |
Routejade | SLPB526495 | √ | √ | — | √ | √ | √ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
EEMB | LIR18650 | √ | — | √ | — | √ | √ | — | √ | √ | √ | — | — |
EEMB | LIR1632 | — | √ | √ | — | √ | √ | — | √ | √ | — | — | |
GMB | GMB043450S | — | — | — | — | — | √ | √ | √ | — | — | √ | √ |
VPW | 580013 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
VPW | 580049 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Toshiba | Toshiba-LTO-20AH | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Johnson Controls-SAFT | MP 174865 xlr | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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Diao, W.; Kulkarni, C.; Pecht, M. Development of an Informative Lithium-Ion Battery Datasheet. Energies 2021, 14, 5434. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175434
Diao W, Kulkarni C, Pecht M. Development of an Informative Lithium-Ion Battery Datasheet. Energies. 2021; 14(17):5434. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175434
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiao, Weiping, Chetan Kulkarni, and Michael Pecht. 2021. "Development of an Informative Lithium-Ion Battery Datasheet" Energies 14, no. 17: 5434. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175434