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Energies
Volume 14
Issue 16
10.3390/en14164724
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Article

Cold Ageing of NMC811 Lithium-ion Batteries

by
Chongming Wang
1,*,
Tazdin Amietszajew
1,
Ruth Carvajal
1,
Yue Guo
1,
Zahoor Ahmed
1,
Cheng Zhang
1,
Gregory Goodlet
2 and
Rohit Bhagat
1
1
Institute for Future Transport and Cities, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
2
Johnson Matthey, Reading RG4 9NH, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2021, 14(16), 4724; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14164724
Submission received: 9 July 2021 / Revised: 30 July 2021 / Accepted: 30 July 2021 / Published: 4 August 2021
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Abstract

In the application of electric vehicles, LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811)-a Ni-rich cathode has the potential of replacing LiNiMnCoO2 (NMC111) due to its high energy density. However, NMC811 features relatively poor structural and thermal stabilities, which affect its cycle life. This study aims to address the limited data availability research gap on NMC811 low-temperature degradation. We aged commercial 21700 NMC811 cells at 0 °C under 0.5 C and 1 C current rates. After 200 cycles, post-mortem visual, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, the inspections of harvested electrodes were conducted. In just 200 cold cycles, capacity drops of 25% and 49% were observed in cells aged at 1 C and 0.5 C, respectively. The fast degradation at low temperatures is largely due to lithium plating at the anode side during the charging process. The surprisingly better performance at 1 C is related to enhanced cell self-heating. After subsequent 3-month storage, the cells that experienced 200 cycles at 0 °C and 0.5 C became faulty (voltage: ≈ 0 V), possibly due to cell lithium dendrites and micro short circuits. This work demonstrates that NMC811 suffers from poor cold ageing performance and subsequent premature end-of-life.
Keywords: lithium-ion battery; NMC811; ageing; cold cycling lithium-ion battery; NMC811; ageing; cold cycling

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, C.; Amietszajew, T.; Carvajal, R.; Guo, Y.; Ahmed, Z.; Zhang, C.; Goodlet, G.; Bhagat, R. Cold Ageing of NMC811 Lithium-ion Batteries. Energies 2021, 14, 4724. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14164724

AMA Style

Wang C, Amietszajew T, Carvajal R, Guo Y, Ahmed Z, Zhang C, Goodlet G, Bhagat R. Cold Ageing of NMC811 Lithium-ion Batteries. Energies. 2021; 14(16):4724. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14164724

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Chongming, Tazdin Amietszajew, Ruth Carvajal, Yue Guo, Zahoor Ahmed, Cheng Zhang, Gregory Goodlet, and Rohit Bhagat. 2021. "Cold Ageing of NMC811 Lithium-ion Batteries" Energies 14, no. 16: 4724. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14164724

APA Style

Wang, C., Amietszajew, T., Carvajal, R., Guo, Y., Ahmed, Z., Zhang, C., Goodlet, G., & Bhagat, R. (2021). Cold Ageing of NMC811 Lithium-ion Batteries. Energies, 14(16), 4724. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14164724

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