Identifiability Analysis of Degradation Model Parameters from Transient CO2 Release in Low-Temperature PEM Fuel Cell under Various AST Protocols
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Modeling Framework
Modeling Transport Phenomena in Connecting Pipes
2.2. Experimental
2.2.1. Fuel Cell Setup
2.2.2. ASTs Measurements
2.3. Optimization Procedure
2.4. Calibration Parameter Sensitivity and Intercorrelation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Degradation Model Calibration and Validation
3.2. Calibration Parameter Sensitivity and Intercorrelation
Proposed Reduction of the Set of Calibration Parameters of the Model
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Model Parameters
Parameter | Value | Units | Description | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
21,090 | Pt density | Ref. [46] | ||
14,170 | Pt–OH density | Calc. from Ref. [46] | ||
14,100 | Pt=O density | Ref. [46] | ||
2000 | Carbon support density | - | ||
2.73 | Pt surface tension | Ref. [46] | ||
1.34 | Pt–OH surface tension | Calc. from Ref. [46] | ||
1 | Pt=O surface tension | Ref. [46] | ||
0.195 | Pt molar mass | Ref. [46] | ||
0.212 | Pt–OH molar mass | Calc. from Ref. [46] | ||
0.211 | Pt=O molar mass | Ref. [46] | ||
0.012 | Carbon molar mass | - | ||
0.018 | Water molar mass | - | ||
30,000 | Pt oxide interaction | Ref. [46] | ||
0.3 | - | Pt oxidation reversibility | Ref. [20] | |
2.15 | Pt surface site density | Ref. [46] | ||
4.6 | Carbon surface site density | Refs. [4,32] | ||
1000 | Reference concentration | Ref. [46] |
Parameter | Value | Units | Description |
---|---|---|---|
2.4744 | Pt→Pt–OH reaction rate | ||
28,351 | Pt–OH→Pt=O reaction rate | ||
3.9306 | Pt→Pt2+ reaction rate | ||
156.71 | C→C–OH reaction rate | ||
392.56 | C–OH→CO reaction rate | ||
12,422 | CO2 production reaction rate | ||
0.1786 | C–OH→CO2 reaction rate | ||
0.3910 | - | Pt→Pt–OH transfer coefficient | |
0.5080 | - | Pt–OH→Pt=O transfer coefficient | |
0.4792 | - | Pt→Pt2+ transfer coefficient | |
0.5290 | - | C→C–OH transfer coefficient | |
0.5031 | - | C–OH→CO transfer coefficient | |
0.5201 | - | CO2 production transfer coefficient | |
0.5498 | - | C–OH→CO2 transfer coefficient | |
0.1985 | - | Initial free Pt surface | |
0.4181 | - | Initial surface covered with OH | |
0.2068 | - | Initial free C surface | |
0.1929 | - | itial surface covered with OH |
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AST No. | Uupper (V) | Ulower (V) | tupper (min) | tlower (min) | Number of Cycles |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.95 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 20 |
2 | 5 | 5 | 20 | ||
3 | 5 | 0.5 | 20 |
AST No. | RMSD1 | RMSD3 |
---|---|---|
1 | 0.3587 | 0.3959 |
2 | 0.4028 | 0.4541 |
3 | 0.7075 | 2.1347 |
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Kravos, A.; Kregar, A.; Mayer, K.; Hacker, V.; Katrašnik, T. Identifiability Analysis of Degradation Model Parameters from Transient CO2 Release in Low-Temperature PEM Fuel Cell under Various AST Protocols. Energies 2021, 14, 4380. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144380
Kravos A, Kregar A, Mayer K, Hacker V, Katrašnik T. Identifiability Analysis of Degradation Model Parameters from Transient CO2 Release in Low-Temperature PEM Fuel Cell under Various AST Protocols. Energies. 2021; 14(14):4380. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144380
Chicago/Turabian StyleKravos, Andraž, Ambrož Kregar, Kurt Mayer, Viktor Hacker, and Tomaž Katrašnik. 2021. "Identifiability Analysis of Degradation Model Parameters from Transient CO2 Release in Low-Temperature PEM Fuel Cell under Various AST Protocols" Energies 14, no. 14: 4380. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144380