Energy and Climate Policy—An Evaluation of Global Climate Change Expenditure 2011–2018
1
Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive, Dr Steevens’ Hospital, D08 W2A8 Dublin 8, Ireland
2
Centre for Molecular Biosciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT521SA, Northern Ireland, UK
3
Independent Scientists, Dublin 8, Ireland
4
Center for Environmental Research and Earth Sciences (CERES), Salem, MA 01970, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2020, 13(18), 4839; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184839
Received: 15 August 2020 / Revised: 6 September 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 / Published: 16 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Economic Development and Energy Policy)
Concern for climate change is one of the drivers of new, transitional energy policies oriented towards economic growth and energy security, along with reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and preservation of biodiversity. Since 2010, the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) has been publishing annual Global Landscape of Climate Finance reports. According to these reports, US$3660 billion has been spent on global climate change projects over the period 2011–2018. Fifty-five percent of this expenditure has gone to wind and solar energy. According to world energy reports, the contribution of wind and solar to world energy consumption has increased from 0.5% to 3% over this period. Meanwhile, coal, oil, and gas continue to supply 85% of the world’s energy consumption, with hydroelectricity and nuclear providing most of the remainder. With this in mind, we consider the potential engineering challenges and environmental and socioeconomic impacts of the main energy sources (old and new). We find that the literature raises many concerns about the engineering feasibility as well as environmental impacts of wind and solar. However, none of the current or proposed energy sources is a “panacea”. Rather, each technology has pros and cons, and policy-makers should be aware of the cons as well as the pros when making energy policy decisions. We urge policy-makers to identify which priorities are most important to them, and which priorities they are prepared to compromise on.
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Keywords:
climate mitigation; climate adaptation; renewable energy; solar energy; wind energy; biomass; biofuels; e-vehicles; energy poverty; energy justice
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MDPI and ACS Style
ÓhAiseadha, C.; Quinn, G.; Connolly, R.; Connolly, M.; Soon, W. Energy and Climate Policy—An Evaluation of Global Climate Change Expenditure 2011–2018. Energies 2020, 13, 4839. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184839
AMA Style
ÓhAiseadha C, Quinn G, Connolly R, Connolly M, Soon W. Energy and Climate Policy—An Evaluation of Global Climate Change Expenditure 2011–2018. Energies. 2020; 13(18):4839. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184839
Chicago/Turabian StyleÓhAiseadha, Coilín; Quinn, Gerré; Connolly, Ronan; Connolly, Michael; Soon, Willie. 2020. "Energy and Climate Policy—An Evaluation of Global Climate Change Expenditure 2011–2018" Energies 13, no. 18: 4839. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184839
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