Optimal Dispatch of High-Penetration Renewable Energy Integrated Power System Based on Flexible Resources
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Flexibility Evaluation Indices of the Power System with High-Penetration RE
2.1. Power System Flexibility
2.2. Power System Flexibility Evaluation Indexes
- (1)
- Power Supply Flexibility Margin
- (2)
- Flexible Adaptability of Grid-Connected RE
3. Dispatch Model
3.1. Objective Function
3.2. Constraints
- (1)
- Constraints of Power Balance
- (2)
- Constraints of Upward and Downward Flexibility
- (3)
- Constraints of Gas Units
- (4)
- Constraints of TPUs
- (5)
- Constraints of Interruptible Loads
- (6)
- Constraints of ES
4. Analysis of Examples
4.1. The Setup of Simulation
- (1)
- During 02:00–04:00, with increasing penetration rate, the net load valley reduced, which lead to insufficient flexibility in the downward adjustment of the power system.
- (2)
- During 16:00–20:00, with increasing penetration rate, the net load fluctuation rate increased, causing the system net load fluctuation rate insufficient flexibility.
- (3)
- During 19:00–21:00, with increasing penetration rate, the peak of the net load decreased, which had a certain effect on improving the upward flexibility of the power system.
4.2. Comparison of Different Dispatch Models
4.3. Analysis of Dispatch Results of One Day
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
RE | Renewable energy |
FRs | Flexible Resources |
ES | Energy storage |
TPU | Thermal power unit |
SOC | State of charge |
PV | Photovoltaic |
Upward/downward adjustment flexibilities of system | |
Total number of TPUs | |
Upward/Downward adjustment flexibilities of TPU mt | |
The output of TPU mt | |
Upper/Lower limits of the output of TPU mt | |
Climbing/Descending capabilities of TPU mt | |
Total number of gas units | |
Upward/downward adjustment flexibilities of the gas unit mg | |
The output of the gas unit mg | |
Upper/Lower limits of the output of the gas unit mg | |
Climbing/Descending capabilities of the gas unit mg | |
Requirements of power system upward/downward adjustment flexibilities | |
Requirements of wind power prediction error for upward/ downward adjustment flexibilities | |
Wind power prediction | |
Maximum wind power prediction | |
Requirements of the system load forecasting error for the upward/ downward adjustment flexibilities | |
Power supply upward/downward adjustment flexibility margins | |
Net load volatility | |
Net load | |
Maximum allowable volatility of the net load | |
Ability to climb the slope allowed by ES | |
Climbing ability allowed by the power system | |
Total emissions of pollutants | |
Total operation cost | |
System net load volatility | |
Purchasing of electricity cost | |
Load compensation cost | |
ES operation cost | |
System prediction error compensation cost | |
The unit price of purchasing electricity | |
Purchasing electricity | |
Interruptible loads compensation time-sharing electricity price | |
Consumption of the interruptible loads | |
The i-th ES purchasing cost | |
Charge and discharge times | |
Flexible resource cost | |
FRs required to stabilize the prediction error | |
Emissions of CO2/SO2/NOx | |
The coal consumption rate of power generation | |
The calorific value of coal units | |
Potential carbon emissions per unit of calorific value | |
The oxidation rate of carbon in the fuel | |
Conversion rates of SO2/NOx | |
Contents of SO2/NOx in coal combustion | |
Power of the wind turbine | |
Power of the PV | |
Daily control power of the gas unit mg | |
Continuous operation time of the gas unit mg | |
Minimum operation time | |
The 0, 1 variable of the unit startup state | |
Minimum/Maximum values of the interruptible loads | |
Minimum/Maximum times | |
Lower/Upper limits of the SOC |
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References | Models | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|---|
FRs | Distributed dispatch model [5] | Multi-energy coordination and optimization | Ignore FRs in optimal dispatch |
Integrated ES model [9,10] | Considering FRs to participate in optimal dispatch | Ignore the connection between FRs and traditional resources | |
Comprehensive centralized scheduling model [12,13,14,15] | Considering the coordination and optimization of ES and traditional resources | Ignore the diversity of FRs | |
ES and load coordination model [18] | Considering multiple FRs to participate in optimal dispatch | Ignore the uncertainty of FRs | |
Flexibility Evaluation Indices | Capacity expansion model [19] | Combining system flexibility and policy constraints | Ignore system fluctuations caused by high-penetration RE |
Distributed energy resources aggregator optimization model [23] | FRs and load coordination and optimization | Ignore problems caused by large fluctuations in net load |
Parameter | Value | Parameter | Value | Parameter | Value | Parameter | Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
amt (kg/MW2) | 0.0135 | (MW/h) | 1000 | (t/TJ) | 27.74 | (USD/MW) | 5 |
bmt (kg/MW) | −2.22 | (MW/h) | 100 | (%) | 0.9 | (USD/MW) | 30,000 |
cmt (kg) | 300 | (MW) | 0 | (%) | 90 | (USD/MW) | 6 |
dmt (kg) | 0.5035 | (MW) | 300 | (%) | 1 | (day) | 2000 |
gmt (MW−1) | 0.0208 | (h) | 2 | (%) | 25 | 2 | |
(MW) | 3000 | (h) | 0 | (%) | 1.5 | 4 | |
(MW) | 1500 | (h) | 8 | SOCmin,i | 0.2 | 2 | |
(MW) | 500 | (g/KWh) | 300 | SOCmax,i | 0.9 | 2 | |
(MW) | 300 | (MJ/kg) | 21.2 | (USD/MW) | 5 | - | - |
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Feng, J.; Yang, J.; Wang, H.; Ji, H.; Okoye, M.O.; Cui, J.; Ge, W.; Hu, B.; Wang, G. Optimal Dispatch of High-Penetration Renewable Energy Integrated Power System Based on Flexible Resources. Energies 2020, 13, 3456. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133456
Feng J, Yang J, Wang H, Ji H, Okoye MO, Cui J, Ge W, Hu B, Wang G. Optimal Dispatch of High-Penetration Renewable Energy Integrated Power System Based on Flexible Resources. Energies. 2020; 13(13):3456. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133456
Chicago/Turabian StyleFeng, Jiawei, Junyou Yang, Haixin Wang, Huichao Ji, Martin Onyeka Okoye, Jia Cui, Weichun Ge, Bo Hu, and Gang Wang. 2020. "Optimal Dispatch of High-Penetration Renewable Energy Integrated Power System Based on Flexible Resources" Energies 13, no. 13: 3456. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133456