Investigation of the Relationship between Bacteria Growth and Lipid Production Cultivating of Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris in Seafood Wastewater
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Microalgae Strain and Wastewater Sample
2.2. Experimental Set-up
2.3. Analysis
2.3.1. Microalgae Growth
2.3.2. Total Lipid Content
2.3.3. Lipid Analysis
2.3.4. Bacteria Count
2.3.5. Water Quality
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Growth Rate of Initial Microalgae Cell
3.2. Effect of Initial Microalgae Cell and Bacteria Growth
3.3. Bacteria Inhibition to Lipid Production
3.4. Effects of Total-N and Total-P to Lipid Production
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Initial Microalgae Density (mg·L−1) | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 65 | Micro-Algae in Sueoka (Control) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maximum biomass concentration (mg·L−1) | 820 ± 12 | 750 ± 5.7 | 560 ± 10.0 | 500 ± 8.5 | 500 ± 17 | 440 ± 12.1 | 270 ± 15.2 | 270 ± 10.2 | 250 ± 10.45 | 250 ± 20.1 | 800 ± 25.5 |
μ (day5−1)a | 0.6 ± 0.016 | 0.65 ± 0.01 | 0.61 ± 0.012 | 0.54 ± 0.015 | 0.52 ± 0.02 | 0.41 ± 0.011 | 0.32 ± 0.014 | 0.21 ± 0.011 | 0.188 ± 0.016 | 0.18 ± 0.013 | 0.57 ± 0.02 |
Chlorophyll a (mg·L−1) | 21.14 ± 1.68 | 20.45 ± 2.5 | 17.35 ± 1.25 | 14.5 ± 2.2 | 14.75 ± 1.6 | 13.75 ± 1.5 | 9.25 ± 1.2 | 9.72 ± 2.1 | 8.87 ± 0.75 | 6.8 ± 0.5 | 19.92 ± 2.6 |
% TSS removal (%) | 88 ± 0.7 | 90 ± 3.7 | 88 ± 1.2 | 85.7 ± 1.5 | 91 ± 2.25 | 91.1 ± 2.5 | 88.9 ± 2.1 | 92.2 ± 3.5 | 93.8 ± 1.5 | 90.5 ± 1.5 | - |
Lipid content (5–14 days) (%) | 32.15 ± 1.45 | 31 ± 1.28 | 32 ± 1.55 | 27.56 ± 2.15 | 25.5 ± 2.02 | 21.02 ± 0.85 | 17.25 ± 2.25 | 16.41 ± 1.5 | 17.2 ± 1.5 | 17.5 ± 2.5 | 16.8 ± 0.5 |
Ci (mg·L−1) | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 65 | Control |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total-N removal (%) | 82.5 ± 2.5 | 81.8 ± 5.6 | 80.7 ± 0.75 | 70.17 ± 1.2 | 70.6 ± 3.0 | 66.66 ± 0.5 | 70.1 ± 1.23 | 57.84 ± 2.25 | 41.7 ± 2.05 | 41.8 ± 0.5 | 38.3 ± 0.35 |
Total-P removal (%) | 77.71 ± 0.5 | 79.02 ± 0.45 | 78.4 ± 1.05 | 75.33 ± 0.5 | 71.47 ± 0.72 | 66.07 ± 0.5 | 62.22 ± 0.32 | 63.76 ± 0.75 | 59.9 ± 0.5 | 57.59 ± 0.24 | 48.34 ± 0.67 |
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Nguyen, T.D.P.; Nguyen, D.H.; Lim, J.W.; Chang, C.-K.; Leong, H.Y.; Tran, T.N.T.; Vu, T.B.H.; Nguyen, T.T.C.; Show, P.L. Investigation of the Relationship between Bacteria Growth and Lipid Production Cultivating of Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris in Seafood Wastewater. Energies 2019, 12, 2282. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122282
Nguyen TDP, Nguyen DH, Lim JW, Chang C-K, Leong HY, Tran TNT, Vu TBH, Nguyen TTC, Show PL. Investigation of the Relationship between Bacteria Growth and Lipid Production Cultivating of Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris in Seafood Wastewater. Energies. 2019; 12(12):2282. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122282
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen, Thi Dong Phuong, Duc Huy Nguyen, Jun Wei Lim, Chih-Kai Chang, Hui Yi Leong, Thi Ngoc Thu Tran, Thi Bich Hau Vu, Thi Trung Chinh Nguyen, and Pau Loke Show. 2019. "Investigation of the Relationship between Bacteria Growth and Lipid Production Cultivating of Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris in Seafood Wastewater" Energies 12, no. 12: 2282. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122282