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Article

Luminescent Electrochromic Devices for Smart Windows of Energy-Efficient Buildings

by
Mariana Fernandes
1,*,
Vânia Freitas
2,
Sónia Pereira
3,
Rita Leones
4,5,
Maria Manuela Silva
4,
Luís D. Carlos
2,
Elvira Fortunato
3,
Rute A. S. Ferreira
2,
Rosa Rego
1 and
Verónica De Zea Bermudez
1,*
1
Department of Chemistry and CQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
2
Department of Physics and CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
3
CENIMAT/I3N, Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and CEMOP-UNINOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
4
Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
5
Current address: Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Institute for Complex Materials, D-01069 Helmholtzstr, Germany
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2018, 11(12), 3513; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11123513
Submission received: 19 November 2018 / Revised: 4 December 2018 / Accepted: 11 December 2018 / Published: 17 December 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building-Integrated Photovoltaics/Luminescent Solar Concentrators)
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Abstract

To address the challenges of the next generation of smart windows for energy-efficient buildings, new electrochromic devices (ECDs) are introduced. These include indium molybdenum oxide (IMO), a conducting oxide transparent in the near-infrared (NIR) region, and a NIR-emitting electrolyte. The novel electrolytes are based on a sol-gel-derived di-urethane cross-linked siloxane-based host structure, including short chains of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL(530) (where 530 represents the average molecular weight in g mol−1). This hybrid framework was doped with a combination of either, lithium triflate (LiTrif) and erbium triflate (ErTrif3), or LiTrif and bisaquatris (thenoyltrifluoroacetonate) erbium (III) ([Er(tta)3(H2O)2]). The ECD@LiTrif-[Er(tta)3(H2O)2] device presents a typical Er3+ NIR emission around 1550 nm. The figures of merit of these devices are high cycling stability, good reversibility, and unusually high coloration efficiency (CE = ΔOD/ΔQ, where Q is the inserted/de-inserted charge density). CE values of −8824/+6569 cm2 C−1 and −8243/+5200 cm2 C−1 were achieved at 555 nm on the 400th cycle, for ECD@LiTrif-ErTrif3 and ECD@LiTrif-[Er(tta)3(H2O)2], respectively.
Keywords: poly(ε-caprolatone)/siloxane hybrids; sol–gel; lithium triflate; erbium triflate; erbium β-diketonate complex; electrochromic devices; NIR-transparent IMO; zero-energy buildings poly(ε-caprolatone)/siloxane hybrids; sol–gel; lithium triflate; erbium triflate; erbium β-diketonate complex; electrochromic devices; NIR-transparent IMO; zero-energy buildings

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fernandes, M.; Freitas, V.; Pereira, S.; Leones, R.; Silva, M.M.; Carlos, L.D.; Fortunato, E.; A. S. Ferreira, R.; Rego, R.; De Zea Bermudez, V. Luminescent Electrochromic Devices for Smart Windows of Energy-Efficient Buildings. Energies 2018, 11, 3513. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11123513

AMA Style

Fernandes M, Freitas V, Pereira S, Leones R, Silva MM, Carlos LD, Fortunato E, A. S. Ferreira R, Rego R, De Zea Bermudez V. Luminescent Electrochromic Devices for Smart Windows of Energy-Efficient Buildings. Energies. 2018; 11(12):3513. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11123513

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernandes, Mariana, Vânia Freitas, Sónia Pereira, Rita Leones, Maria Manuela Silva, Luís D. Carlos, Elvira Fortunato, Rute A. S. Ferreira, Rosa Rego, and Verónica De Zea Bermudez. 2018. "Luminescent Electrochromic Devices for Smart Windows of Energy-Efficient Buildings" Energies 11, no. 12: 3513. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11123513

APA Style

Fernandes, M., Freitas, V., Pereira, S., Leones, R., Silva, M. M., Carlos, L. D., Fortunato, E., A. S. Ferreira, R., Rego, R., & De Zea Bermudez, V. (2018). Luminescent Electrochromic Devices for Smart Windows of Energy-Efficient Buildings. Energies, 11(12), 3513. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11123513

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