A Hybrid Building Power Distribution System in Consideration of Supply and Demand-Side: A Short Overview and a Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Characteristics of Energy Supply-Side in Building
2.1. Renewable Energy and Distributed Generation
2.2. Elevator Regeneration Energy
3. The Change of Terminal Load on the Demand-Side
3.1. The Increase of the Proportion of DC Load on the Demand-Side
3.2. The Development of WPT on the Demand-Side
4. DC Power Distribution System in Buildings
4.1. Architecture
4.2. Voltage Levels
5. WPT in Building AC Distribution System
5.1. The Fundamental Principle of WPT
5.2. The Architecture of WPT in AC Distribution System
6. The Proposed Architecture of Building Power Distribution System and Building Micro-Grid
6.1. The Research Approach to Building Power Distribution System Architecture
6.2. The Architecture of the Power Distribution System
6.3. The Efficiency Promotion of the DC System Compared to the AC System
6.4. The Advantages of WPT Application in the DC System Compared to the AC System
7. Application Case Study of a DC Micro-Grid in a Building
7.1. The Case of q DC Micro-Grid in a Building
7.2. Application of Elevator Regeneration Energy
7.3. The Results of the Experiment
7.4. The Discussion
8. Conclusions and Expectations
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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IEC | Electric Power | Communications | Rail Transportation | Ship | Aircraft | Building |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
48 | 110 | 48 | 600 | 750 | 270 | 380 |
110 | 220 | 240 | 750 | 1500 | - | - |
125 | - | 270 | 1500 | 3000 | - | - |
220 | - | 300 | 3000 | 6000 | - | - |
250 | - | 320 | - | 12,000 | - | - |
440 | - | 336 | - | 18,000 | - | - |
600 | - | 350 | - | 24,000 | - | - |
750 | - | 380 | - | 30,000 | - | - |
1500 | - | 400 | - | - | - | - |
Factors | 240 V | 336 V | 380 V |
---|---|---|---|
New-Built | 0.90 | 0.80 | 0.70 |
Transformation | 0.80 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
Loss | 0.70 | 0.80 | 0.90 |
IEC Standard | 0.90 | 0.70 | 0.70 |
Application | 0.90 | 0.80 | 0.90 |
Distributed Energy | 0.70 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
Lighting | 0.90 | 0.80 | 0.80 |
Power | 0.70 | 0.80 | 0.90 |
Data Information | 0.80 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
System | UPS Efficiency | Transformer Efficiency | Power Supply Efficiency | System Efficiency | Efficiency Gain |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AC Distribution | 85% | 98% | 73% | 61% | / |
DC Distribution | 92% | 100% | 92% | 85% | 28.2% |
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Zhang, Y.; Yan, Z.; Li, L.; Yao, J. A Hybrid Building Power Distribution System in Consideration of Supply and Demand-Side: A Short Overview and a Case Study. Energies 2018, 11, 3082. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113082
Zhang Y, Yan Z, Li L, Yao J. A Hybrid Building Power Distribution System in Consideration of Supply and Demand-Side: A Short Overview and a Case Study. Energies. 2018; 11(11):3082. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113082
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yongming, Zhe Yan, Li Li, and Jiawei Yao. 2018. "A Hybrid Building Power Distribution System in Consideration of Supply and Demand-Side: A Short Overview and a Case Study" Energies 11, no. 11: 3082. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113082