Developing an Input-Output Based Method to Estimate a National-Level Energy Return on Investment (EROI)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. A National-Level EROI: The Concept
2.1. Background
2.2. The Benefits of a National-Level EROI
2.3. Conceptual Issues and Choices
2.3.1. Boundary of Analysis
2.3.2. Accounting for Embodied Energy Inputs
2.3.3. Temporality
2.3.4. Accounting for Energy Quality
3. A national-Level EROI: The Data and the Methodology
3.1. Input-Output and Energy
3.2. EROInat(UK): Data
3.3. EROInat(UK): Methodology
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions and Policy Implications
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix A.1. A Note on Notation
Appendix A.2. Multi-Regional Input-Output Matrix Structure, with an Energy Extension
Appendix A.3. Basic Calculations: Obtaining the A, L and F Matrices
Appendix A.4. EROInat Specific Calculations: Obtaining Indirect Energy
Appendix B
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Energy Source | Change in Production (%) | |
---|---|---|
1997–2010 | 2010–2012 | |
Coal and coal products | −0.6 | 0.0 |
Crude, NGL and feedstocks | −0.5 | −0.1 |
Natural gas | −0.3 | −0.2 |
Nuclear | −0.4 | 0.1 |
Hydro | −0.1 | 0.4 |
Solar/wind/other | 13.5 | 14.2 |
Biofuels and waste | 1.6 | 0.7 |
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Brand-Correa, L.I.; Brockway, P.E.; Copeland, C.L.; Foxon, T.J.; Owen, A.; Taylor, P.G. Developing an Input-Output Based Method to Estimate a National-Level Energy Return on Investment (EROI). Energies 2017, 10, 534. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10040534
Brand-Correa LI, Brockway PE, Copeland CL, Foxon TJ, Owen A, Taylor PG. Developing an Input-Output Based Method to Estimate a National-Level Energy Return on Investment (EROI). Energies. 2017; 10(4):534. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10040534
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrand-Correa, Lina I., Paul E. Brockway, Claire L. Copeland, Timothy J. Foxon, Anne Owen, and Peter G. Taylor. 2017. "Developing an Input-Output Based Method to Estimate a National-Level Energy Return on Investment (EROI)" Energies 10, no. 4: 534. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10040534
APA StyleBrand-Correa, L. I., Brockway, P. E., Copeland, C. L., Foxon, T. J., Owen, A., & Taylor, P. G. (2017). Developing an Input-Output Based Method to Estimate a National-Level Energy Return on Investment (EROI). Energies, 10(4), 534. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10040534