Energy Recovery Efficiency of Poultry Slaughterhouse Sludge Cake by Hydrothermal Carbonization
Biogas Research Center, Hankyong National University, 327 Jungang-ro, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17579, Korea
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Energies 2017, 10(11), 1876; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10111876
Received: 11 October 2017
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Revised: 5 November 2017
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Accepted: 13 November 2017
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Published: 16 November 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass Chars: Elaboration, Characterization and Applications Ⅱ)
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technology used for bioenergy conversion from bio-wastes such as sewage sludge, livestock manure, and food waste. To determine the optimum HTC reaction temperature in maximizing the gross energy recovery efficiency of poultry slaughterhouse sludge cake, a pilot-scale HTC reactor was designed and operated under reaction temperatures of 170, 180, 190, 200 and 22 °C. During the HTC reaction, the gross energy recovery efficiency was determined based on the calorific value of the HTC-biochar and ultimate methane potential of the HTC-hydrolysate. The poultry slaughterhouse sludge cake was assessed as a useful source for the bioenergy conversion with a high calorific value of approximately 27.7 MJ/kg. The calorific values of the HTC-biochar increased from 29.6 MJ/kg to 31.3 MJ/kg in accordance with the change in the reaction temperature from 170 °C to 220 °C. The ultimate methane potential of the HTC-hydrolysate was 0.222, 0.242, 0.237, 0.228 and 0.197 Nm3/kg-CODadded for the reaction temperatures of 170, 180, 190, 200 and 220 °C, respectively. The potential energy of feedstock was 4.541 MJ/kg. The total gross energy recovery (GERtotal) was 4318 MJ/kg, of which the maximum value in the HTC reaction temperature was attained at 180 °C. Thus, the optimum temperature of the HTC reaction was 180 °C with a maximum GERtotal efficiency of 95.1%.
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Keywords:
hydrothermal carbonization; anaerobic digestion; poultry slaughterhouse; sludge cake; energy recovery efficiency
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MDPI and ACS Style
Oh, S.-Y.; Yoon, Y.-M. Energy Recovery Efficiency of Poultry Slaughterhouse Sludge Cake by Hydrothermal Carbonization. Energies 2017, 10, 1876. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10111876
AMA Style
Oh S-Y, Yoon Y-M. Energy Recovery Efficiency of Poultry Slaughterhouse Sludge Cake by Hydrothermal Carbonization. Energies. 2017; 10(11):1876. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10111876
Chicago/Turabian StyleOh, Seung-Yong, and Young-Man Yoon. 2017. "Energy Recovery Efficiency of Poultry Slaughterhouse Sludge Cake by Hydrothermal Carbonization" Energies 10, no. 11: 1876. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10111876
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