Verification of the Performance of a Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Applied to a Test House in Melbourne, Australia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
2.1. The 60-m2 Experimental House
2.2. Temperatures Beneath (on the Outside Face of) the Floor
2.3. Modelling the Ground Heat Exchanger:Vertical (VGHE) Plant, Low Temperature Radiators (LTRs) and Water Loops
2.3.1. VGHE Modelled by EnergyPlus’s GroundHeatExchanger:Vertical Object
2.3.2. LTR Modelled by EnergyPlus’s LowTemperatureRadiant:VariableFlow Object
2.3.3. Water Loops in the VGHE-LTR System
3. Simulated Results
3.1. Heating Run for the Cold Portion (22 March to 21 November) of the Year
3.2. Cooling Run for the Hot Portion (22 November to 21 March) of the Year
4. Discussion
4.1. Operation of VGHE with and without Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)
4.2. PVT to Be Tested in VGHE-LTR Heated Experimental House
4.3. Applicability of VGHE Heated Houses for Cold i.e., Annual Average Around 0 °C Places
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Surface | Material | Thickness | Conductivity | Material R-Value | Surface R-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | - | (mm) | W/(m·K) | m2·K/W | m2·K/W |
Walls | - | - | - | - | 2.85 |
(North-East & South-West) | F08 Metal | 0.08 | 45.28 | 0 | - |
R3.5 Batt insulation | 110 | 0.04 | 2.75 | - | |
G02 12 mm plywood | 12 | 0.12 | 0.1 | - | |
Roof | - | - | - | 5.1 | |
F08 Metal | 0.08 | 45.28 | 0 | - | |
R5 Batt Insulation | 200 | 0.04 | 5 | - | |
G02 12 mm plywood | 12 | 0.12 | 0.1 | - | |
Floor | - | - | - | 2.7806 | |
Concrete | 51 | 1.95 | 0.0262 | - | |
Vapour-seal plastic film | - | - | 0.002 | - | |
Polystyrene | 70 | 0.029 | 2.4138 | - | |
G06 50 mm wood | 50.8 | 0.15 | 0.3387 | - | |
LTR Walls | 0.1 m tube spacing | - | - | - | 4.1407 |
(North-West & South-East) | R2.5 batt insulation | 110 | 0.04 | 2.75 | - |
G04 13 mm wood | 12.7 | 0.15 | 0.0847 | - | |
Expanded Polystyrene R12 | 25 | 0.02 | 1.25 | - | |
Gypsum Plasterboard | 13 | - | 0.056 | - |
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indoor | 26.18 | 26.6 | 13.13 | 20.5 | 18.35 | 18.35 | 18.35 | 18.35 | 18.35 | 20.87 | 22.66 | 24.79 |
Below Floor | 21.99 | 22.52 | 21.35 | 19.61 | 17.42 | 16.85 | 16.55 | 16.58 | 16.73 | 17.11 | 19.31 | 20.52 |
Name of Field | Entry | Notes |
---|---|---|
Number of Boreholes | 1 | One VGHE has one borehole |
Design Flow Rate (L/s) | 0.16 | Autosized by earlier simulation |
Borehole Length (m) | 400 | See footnote a |
Borehole Radius (m) | 0.05 | Radius of 50 m borehole in SE Melbourne |
Ground Thermal Conductivity (W/(m·K)) | 1.58 | Siltstone, below 8–20 m at 50 m borehole |
Ground Thermal Heat Capacity (J/(m3·K)) | 2,218,500 | Eppelbaum et al. [18] |
Ground Temperature (°C) | 23 | Undisturbed ’far field’ temperature b |
Grout Thermal Conductivity (W/(m·K)) | 1.98 | Supplied by borehole installer |
Pipe Thermal Conductivity (W/(m·K)) | 0.39 | High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) |
Pipe Outer Diameter (m) | 0.02667 | Outer diameter of the tubes |
U-Tube Distance (m) | 0.02539 | Distance between the two legs of U-tube |
Pipe Thickness (mm) | 2.41 | c 35 pairs of non-dimensionalized time and g-functions are in the three Example Files downloadable from www.energyplus.gov |
Maximum Length of Simulation (Years) | 2 | |
g-Function Reference Ratio (dimensionless) | 0.0005 | |
Number of Data Pairs of the g-function | 35 |
Name of Field | Entry | Notes |
---|---|---|
Name | Living Wall Radiator | - |
Availability Schedule Name | ColdMthsAvailSchedule | - |
Zone Name | LivingSpace | Living area |
Surface Name or Radiant Surface Group Name | LivingRadWalls | LTRs on opposite long walls |
Hydronic Tubing Inside Diameter (m) | 0.013 | - |
Hydronic Tubing Length (m) | autosize | - |
Temperature Control Type | OperativeTemperature | These fields are used for simulation run for the cold portion of the year (22 March to 21 November). Separate fields (not shown) are used for simulation run for the cold portion (22 November to 21 March) of the year. |
Heating Design Capacity Method | HeatingDesignCapacity | |
Heating Design Capacity (W}) | autosize | |
Heating Design Capacity Per Floor Area (W/m2) | - | |
Fraction of Autosized Heating Design Capacity | 1 | |
Maximum Hot Water Flow (m3/s) | autosize | |
Heating Water Inlet Node Name | Living Wall Pump Outlet Node | |
Heating Water Outlet Node Name | Living Wall Radiator GW Outlet Node | |
Heating Control Throttling Range (°C) | 0.5 | |
Heating Control Temperature Schedule Name | Heating SetPoint (living) | |
Condensation Control Type | - | Used with entries in ‘Cooling’ fields |
Condensation Control Dewpoint Offset (°C) | - | |
Number of Circuits | CalculateFromCircuitLength | - |
Circuit Length (m) | 200 | - |
Water Loop | LTR (Living Area) | LTR (Bedroom) | VGHE |
---|---|---|---|
Zone Design Load (W) | 661 | 595 | - |
Heat from LTRs (Wh) | 279,487 | 67,199 | (cold portion) |
Total (Wh) | 346,685 | 127,064 | |
Heat by Solar Collector (Wh) | 702,000 | (hot portion) | |
Pump Power (W) | 1.97 | 1.97 | 39.3 |
Water Flow Rate (kg/s) | 0.076992 | 0.071135 | 0.152678 |
13 mm tubing length (m) | 170 | 210 | - |
© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Ooi, K.B.; Noguchi, M. Verification of the Performance of a Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Applied to a Test House in Melbourne, Australia. Energies 2017, 10, 1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101558
Ooi KB, Noguchi M. Verification of the Performance of a Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Applied to a Test House in Melbourne, Australia. Energies. 2017; 10(10):1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101558
Chicago/Turabian StyleOoi, Koon Beng, and Masa Noguchi. 2017. "Verification of the Performance of a Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Applied to a Test House in Melbourne, Australia" Energies 10, no. 10: 1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101558