High-Mobility Group Box 1 Disrupts Metabolic Function with Cigarette Smoke Exposure in a Ceramide-Dependent Manner
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Lung and Serum HMGB1 Is Elevated Following Cigarette Smoke Exposure
2.2. HMGB1 Increases Myotube Ceramide Biosynthesis
2.3. HMGB1 Disrupts Myotube Mitochondrial Function and Insulin Signaling via Ceramides
2.4. HMGB1 Injections Increase Muscle Ceramides and Disrupt Metabolic Function
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture
4.2. Animals
4.3. Serum and Culture Medium HMGB1 Analysis
4.4. Lipid Analysis
4.5. Cell and Muscle Fiber Bundle Permeabilization
4.6. Mitochondrial Respiration Protocol
4.7. Oxidative Stress
4.8. Human Samples
4.9. Immunohistochemistry
4.10. qRT-PCR
4.11. Statistics
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Taylor, O.J.; Thatcher, M.O.; Carr, S.T.; Gibbs, J.L.; Trumbull, A.M.; Harrison, M.E.; Winden, D.R.; Pearson, M.J.; Tippetts, T.S.; Holland, W.L.; et al. High-Mobility Group Box 1 Disrupts Metabolic Function with Cigarette Smoke Exposure in a Ceramide-Dependent Manner. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18051099
Taylor OJ, Thatcher MO, Carr ST, Gibbs JL, Trumbull AM, Harrison ME, Winden DR, Pearson MJ, Tippetts TS, Holland WL, et al. High-Mobility Group Box 1 Disrupts Metabolic Function with Cigarette Smoke Exposure in a Ceramide-Dependent Manner. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(5):1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18051099
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaylor, Oliver J., Mikayla O. Thatcher, Sheryl T. Carr, Jonathan L. Gibbs, Annie M. Trumbull, Mitchell E. Harrison, Duane R. Winden, Mackenzie J. Pearson, Trevor S. Tippetts, William L. Holland, and et al. 2017. "High-Mobility Group Box 1 Disrupts Metabolic Function with Cigarette Smoke Exposure in a Ceramide-Dependent Manner" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 5: 1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18051099
APA StyleTaylor, O. J., Thatcher, M. O., Carr, S. T., Gibbs, J. L., Trumbull, A. M., Harrison, M. E., Winden, D. R., Pearson, M. J., Tippetts, T. S., Holland, W. L., Reynolds, P. R., & Bikman, B. T. (2017). High-Mobility Group Box 1 Disrupts Metabolic Function with Cigarette Smoke Exposure in a Ceramide-Dependent Manner. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(5), 1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18051099