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Volume 11
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10.3390/antibiotics11121733
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Article

Genotypic Distribution and the Epidemiology of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in Upper Northern Thailand

by
Sukanya Saikaew
1,2,
Aksara Thongprachum
1,
Rodjana Pongsararuk
3,
Aungkana Thanraka
4,
Naowarat Kunyanone
4,
Boonchai Chaiyasirinroje
5,
Praphan Luangsook
2,6,
Bordin Butr-Indr
2,6,
Ponrut Phunpae
2,6 and
Usanee Wattananandkul
2,6,7,*
1
Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Muang District, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
2
Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
3
Office of Disease Prevention and Control, 1 (ODPC 1) Chiang Mai, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health Thailand, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
4
Department of Medical Technology, Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiang Rai 57000, Thailand
5
TB/HIV Research Foundation (THRF), Chiang Rai 57000, Thailand
6
Infectious Diseases Research Unit (IDRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
7
Epidemiology Research Group of Infectious Disease (ERGID), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2022, 11(12), 1733; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121733
Submission received: 1 November 2022 / Revised: 26 November 2022 / Accepted: 28 November 2022 / Published: 1 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Antibiotic Therapy in Infectious Diseases)
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Abstract

The epidemiology and genotypes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), a global public health threat, remain limited. The genotypic distribution and factors associated with MDR-TB in upper northern Thailand between 2015 and 2019 were investigated. The DNA sequencing of rpoB, katG, and inhA promoter of 51 multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates revealed nine patterns of the rpoB gene mutation distributed in seven provinces. The S531L mutation was the most common mutation in all provinces. The rpoB mutation in Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, and Lampang was highly diverse compared to other areas. Here, the mutation profiles that have yet to be reported in northern Thailand (H526P, Q513P, and H526C) were detected in Chiang Rai province. The S315T katG mutation was the most common genotype associated with INH resistance, especially in Chiang Mai and Lampang. Further analysis of data from 110 TB patients (42 MDR-TB and 68 drug-susceptible TB) revealed that <60 years of age was a significant factor associated with MDR-TB (OR = 0.316, 95% CI 0.128–0.784, p = 0.011) and ≥60 years of age was a significant factor associated with the S315T katG-mutation (OR = 8.867, 95% CI 0.981–80.177, p = 0.047). This study highlighted the necessity for continuous surveillance and risk factor monitoring for effective control of MDR-TB.
Keywords: rifampicin resistance; isoniazid resistance; mutation; tuberculosis; risk factor rifampicin resistance; isoniazid resistance; mutation; tuberculosis; risk factor

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MDPI and ACS Style

Saikaew, S.; Thongprachum, A.; Pongsararuk, R.; Thanraka, A.; Kunyanone, N.; Chaiyasirinroje, B.; Luangsook, P.; Butr-Indr, B.; Phunpae, P.; Wattananandkul, U. Genotypic Distribution and the Epidemiology of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in Upper Northern Thailand. Antibiotics 2022, 11, 1733. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121733

AMA Style

Saikaew S, Thongprachum A, Pongsararuk R, Thanraka A, Kunyanone N, Chaiyasirinroje B, Luangsook P, Butr-Indr B, Phunpae P, Wattananandkul U. Genotypic Distribution and the Epidemiology of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in Upper Northern Thailand. Antibiotics. 2022; 11(12):1733. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121733

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saikaew, Sukanya, Aksara Thongprachum, Rodjana Pongsararuk, Aungkana Thanraka, Naowarat Kunyanone, Boonchai Chaiyasirinroje, Praphan Luangsook, Bordin Butr-Indr, Ponrut Phunpae, and Usanee Wattananandkul. 2022. "Genotypic Distribution and the Epidemiology of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in Upper Northern Thailand" Antibiotics 11, no. 12: 1733. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121733

APA Style

Saikaew, S., Thongprachum, A., Pongsararuk, R., Thanraka, A., Kunyanone, N., Chaiyasirinroje, B., Luangsook, P., Butr-Indr, B., Phunpae, P., & Wattananandkul, U. (2022). Genotypic Distribution and the Epidemiology of Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in Upper Northern Thailand. Antibiotics, 11(12), 1733. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121733

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