Reconstruction in Salvage Surgery for Head and Neck Cancers
Abstract
:Introduction
Methods
Study Variables
Statistical Analysis
Results
Salvage Reconstruction
Complications in the FF and LRF Groups
Univariate and Multivariate Analysis
Discussion
Conclusions
Funding
Declaration of Conflicting Interests
References
- Hamoir, M.; Schmitz, S.; Suarez, C.; et al. The current role of salvage surgery in recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancers. 2018, 10, 267. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, A.J.; Suh, J.D.; Sercarz, J.A.; et al. Salvage surgery with free flap reconstruction: Factors affecting outcome after treatment of recurrent head and neck squamous carcinoma. Laryngo- scope. 2007, 117, 1019–1023. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Thankappan, K. Microvascular free tissue transfer after prior radiotherapy in head and neck reconstruction - a review. Surgical Oncology. 2010, 19, 227–234. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Paleri, V.; Drinnan, M.; van den Brekel, M.W.M.; et al. Vascu- larized tissue to reduce fistula following salvage total lar- yngectomy: A systematic review. Laryngoscope. 2014, 124, 1848–1853. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Klug, C.; Berzaczy, D.; Reinbacher, H.; et al. Influence of pre- vious radiotherapy on free tissue transfer in the head and neck region: Evaluation of 455 cases. Laryngoscope. 2006, 116, 1162–1167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Arce, K.; Bell, R.B.; Potter, J.K.; Buehler, M.J.; Potter, B.E.; Dierks, E.J. Vascularized free tissue transfer for reconstruction of ablative defects in oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients undergoing salvage surgery following concomitant chemo- radiation. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012, 41, 733–738. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Akali, N.R.; Buggaveeti, R.; Sukumaran, S.V.; Balasubramanian, D.; Iyer, S.; Thankappan, K. Prior chemoradiotherapy and pathological perineural invasion predict the survival out- comes of salvage surgery in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 2021, 43, 874–883. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tan, H.K.; Giger, R.; Auperin, A.; Bourhis, J.; Janot, F.; Temam, S. Salvage surgery after concomitant chemoradiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas - stratification for postsalvage survival. Head Neck. 2010, 32, 139–147. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Esteller, E.; Vega, M.C.; López, M.; Quer, M.; León, X. Salvage surgery after locoregional failure in head and neck carcinoma patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. Eur Arch Oto- Rhino-Laryngol. 2011, 268, 295–301. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Goodwin, W.J., Jr. Salvage surgery for patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract: When do the ends justify the means? Laryngoscope 2000, 110 Pt 2 suppl l, 1–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Elbers, J.B.W.; Veldhuis, L.I.; Bhairosing, P.A.; et al. Salvage surgery for advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma following radiotherapy or chemoradiation. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. 2019, 276, 647–655. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, H.S.; Chung, C.H.; Chang, Y.J. Free-flap reconstruction in recurrent head and neck cancer: A retrospective review of 124 cases. Archives of Craniofacial Surgery. 2020, 21, 27–34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bengtson, B.P.; Schusterman, M.A.; Baldwin, B.J.; et al. Influence of prior radiotherapy on the development of postoperative complications and success of free tissue transfers in head and neck cancer reconstruction. Am J Surg. 1993, 166, 326–330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tan, N.C.; Lin, P.-Y.; Chiang, Y.-C.; et al. Influence of neck dis- section and preoperative irradiation on microvascular head and neck reconstruction-Analysis of 853 cases. Microsurgery. 2014, 34, 602–607. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mücke, T.; Rau, A.; Weitz, J.; et al. Influence of irradiation and oncologic surgery on head and neck microsurgical recon- structions. Oral Oncol. 2012, 48, 367–371. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chepeha, D.B.; Annich, G.; Pynnonen, M.A.; et al. Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap vs revascularized free tissue transfer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004, 130, 181–186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hsing, C.-Y.; Wong, Y.-K.; Wang, C.P.; et al. Comparison between free flap and pectoralis major pedicled flap for reconstruction in oral cavity cancer patients - A quality of life analysis. Oral Oncol. 2011, 47, 522–527. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jing, S.S.; O’Neill, T.; Clibbon, J.J. A comparison between free gracilis muscle flap and pedicled pectoralis major flap re- constructions following salvage laryngectomy. J Plast Re- constr Aesthetic Surg. 2014, 67, 17–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jørgensen, M.G.; Tabatabaeifar, S.; Toyserkani, N.M.; Sørensen, J.A. Submental Island Flap versus Free Flap Reconstruction for Complex Head and Neck Defects. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019, 161, 946–953. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kozin, E.D.; Sethi, R.K.; Herr, M.; et al. Comparison of peri- operative outcomes between the supraclavicular Artery island flap and fasciocutaneous free flap. Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surg (Tokyo). 2016, 154, 66–72. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sukato, D.C.; Timashpolsky, A.; Ferzli, G.; Rosenfeld, R.M.; Gordin, E.A. Systematic review of supraclavicular artery island flap vs free flap in head and neck reconstruction. Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surg (Tokyo). 2019, 160, 215–222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liu, M.; Liu, W.; Yang, X.; Guo, H.; Peng, H. Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for head and neck defects in the era of free flaps: Harvesting technique and indications. Sci Rep. 2017, 7, 46256. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Schneider, D.S.; Wu, V.; Wax, M.K. Indications for pedicled pectoralis major flap in a free tissue transfer practice. Head Neck. 2012, 34, 1106–1110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Avery, C.M.E.; Crank, S.T.; Neal, C.P.; Hayter, J.P.; Elton, C. The use of the pectoralis major flap for advanced and recurrent head and neck malignancy in the medically compromised patient. Oral Oncol. 2010, 46, 829–833. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sayles, M.; Grant, D.G. Preventing pharyngo-cutaneous fistula in total laryngectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Laryngoscope. 2014, 124, 1150–1163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Demirkan, F.; Wei, F.-C.; Chen, H.-C.; Chen, I.-H.; Hau, S.-P.; Liau, C.-T. Microsurgical reconstruction in recurrent oral cancer: Use of a second free flap in the same patient. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999, 103, 829–838. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jung, T.-Y.; Sung, K.-W.; Park, S.-Y.; Kim, S.-M.; Lee, J.-H. Salvage surgery with second free flap reconstruction for recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma. Heliyon. 2020, 6, e04014. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Piazza, C.; Bon, F.D.; Paderno, A.; et al. Fasciocutaneous free flaps for reconstruction of hypopharyngeal defects. Laryn- goscope. 2017, 127, 2731–2737. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Piazza, C.; Paderno, A.; Del Bon, F.; et al. Fascio-cutaneous-free flaps as primary reconstruction in salvage total laryngectomy. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. 2021, 278, 219–226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chana, J.S.; Wei, F.-c. A review of the advantages of the an- terolateral thigh flap in head and neck reconstruction. Br J Plast Surg. 2004, 57, 603–609. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Deng, D.; Liu, J.; Chen, F.; et al. Double-island anterolateral thigh free flap used in reconstruction for salvage surgery for locally recurrent head and neck carcinoma. Medicine. 2018, 97, e12839. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yu, P.; Hanasono, M.M.; Skoracki, R.J.; et al. Pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with the anterolateral thigh flap after total laryngopharyngectomy. Cancer. 2010, 116, 1718–1724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Breik, O.; Praveen, P.; Parmar, S. The vessel-depleted neck in head and neck microvascular reconstruction: Extreme solu- tions for extreme situations. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020, 28, 129–135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Du, E.; Patel, S.; Huang, B.; Patel, S.N. Dual-phase CT angiog- raphy for presurgical planning in patients with vessel-de- pleted neck. Head Neck. 2019, 41, 2929–2936. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Frohwitter, G.; Rau, A.; Kesting, M.R.; Fichter, A. Micro- vascular reconstruction in the vessel depleted neck - A systematic review. J Cranio-Maxillofacial Surg. 2018, 46, 1652–1658. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Urken, M.L.; Higgins, K.M.; Lee, B.; Vickery, C. Internal mam- mary artery and vein: Recipient vessels for free tissue transfer to the head and neck in the vessel-depleted neck. Head Neck. 2006, 28, 797–801. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jacobson, A.S.; Eloy, J.A.; Park, E.; Roman, B.; Genden, E.M. Vessel-depleted neck: Techniques for achieving microvas- cular reconstruction. Head Neck. 2008, 30, 201–207. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kushida-Contreras, B.H.; Manrique, O.J.; Gaxiola-Garc´ıa, M.A. Head and Neck Reconstruction of the Vessel-Depleted Neck: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Ann Surg Oncol. 2021, 28, 2882–2895. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hanasono, M.M.; Barnea, Y.; Skoracki, R.J. Microvascular sur- gery in the previously operated and irradiated neck. Micro- surgery. 2009, 29, 1–7. [Google Scholar]
- Ethunandan, M.; Cole, R.; Flood, T.R. Corlett loop for micro- vascular reconstruction in a neck depleted of vessels. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007, 45, 493–495. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Van Genechten, M.L.V.; Batstone, M.D. The fate of the free flap pedicle after free tissue transfer to the head and neck area. Oral Oncol. 2017, 65, 65–67. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bullocks, J.; Naik, B.; Lee, E.; Hollier, L.; Jr. Flow-through flaps: A review of current knowledge and a novel classification sys- tem. Microsurgery. 2006, 26, 439–449. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wolff, K.-D.; Mücke, T.; von Bomhard, A.; et al. Free flap transplantation using an extracorporeal perfusion device: First three cases. J Cranio-Maxillofacial Surg. 2016, 44, 148–154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
© 2022 by the authors. Published by MDPI on behalf of the AO Foundation. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Noothanapati, N.R.; Akali, N.R.; Buggaveeti, R.; Balasubramanian, D.; Mathew, J.; Iyer, S.; Thankappan, K. Reconstruction in Salvage Surgery for Head and Neck Cancers. Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr. 2023, 16, 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1177/19433875221109248
Noothanapati NR, Akali NR, Buggaveeti R, Balasubramanian D, Mathew J, Iyer S, Thankappan K. Reconstruction in Salvage Surgery for Head and Neck Cancers. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction. 2023; 16(3):211-221. https://doi.org/10.1177/19433875221109248
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoothanapati, Nageswara R., Nisha R. Akali, Rahul Buggaveeti, Deepak Balasubramanian, Jimmy Mathew, Subramania Iyer, and Krishnakumar Thankappan. 2023. "Reconstruction in Salvage Surgery for Head and Neck Cancers" Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 16, no. 3: 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1177/19433875221109248
APA StyleNoothanapati, N. R., Akali, N. R., Buggaveeti, R., Balasubramanian, D., Mathew, J., Iyer, S., & Thankappan, K. (2023). Reconstruction in Salvage Surgery for Head and Neck Cancers. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction, 16(3), 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1177/19433875221109248