A Nationwide Study of Skiing and Snowboarding-Related Facial Trauma
Abstract
:Introduction
Materials and Methods
Study Design and Population
Measurements
Statistical Analysis
Results
Age-Related Trends
Sex-Related Trends
Facial Fractures
Discussion
Conclusions
Declaration of Conflicting Interests
Funding
References
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Values | ||
Facial injuries | 361 | |
Average age (SD) [years] | 21.1 (14.5) | |
Sex (n ¼ 361) | Male | 244 (67.6%) |
Female | 117 (32.4%) | |
Race (n ¼ 361) | White | 259 (71.7%) |
Black | 7 (1.9%) | |
Other | 8 (2.2%) | |
Asian | 11 (3.0%) | |
American Indian/American native | 1 (0.28%) | |
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 0 (0%) | |
Not specified | 75 (20.8%) | |
Type (n ¼ 361) | Lacerations | 165 (45.7%) |
Contusions/Abrasions | 87 (24.0%) | |
Fractures | 78 (21.6%) | |
Bleeds | 3 (0.85%) | |
All other | 28 (7.8%) | |
Disposition from ED (n ¼ 361) | Treated and discharged | 340 (94.2%) |
Treated and admitted | 11 (3.0%) | |
Left without being seen | 3 (0.83%) | |
Treated and transferred | 2 (0.55%) | |
Held for observation | 5 (1.4%) | |
Fatality incl. DOA or died in ED | 0 (0%) | |
Abbreviations: DOA, dead on arrival; ED, emergency department. |
Adult (n = 174) | Children (n =187) | ||
Sex | Male | 117 (67.2%) | 127 (67.9%) |
Female | 57 (32.8%) | 60 (32.1%) | |
Injury type | Contusion | 40 (23.0%) | 47 (25.1%) |
Fracture* | 52 (30.0%) | 26 (13.9%) | |
Bleed | 2 (1.1%) | 1 (0.53%) | |
Laceration% | 68 (39.1%) | 97 (51.9%) | |
Other/Not specified | 12 (6.9%) | 16 (8.6%) | |
Disposition | Treated and discharged | 166 (95.4%) | 174 (93.0%) |
Treated and transferred | 2 (1.15%) | 0 (0%) | |
Treated and admitted% | 2 (1.15%) | 9 (4.8%) | |
Left without being seen | 2 (1.15%) | 1 (0.53%) | |
Held for observation | 2 (1.15%) | 3 (1.6%) |
Male (n ¼ 244) | Female (n ¼ 117) | ||
Mean age (+ SD) [years] | 21.0 (14.4) | 21.4 (14.7) | |
Injury time | Contusion% | 50 (20.5%) | 37 (31.6%) |
Fracture | 50 (20.5%) | 28 (23.9%) | |
Hemorrhage | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (0.9%) | |
Laceration* | 126 (51.6%) | 39 (33.3%) | |
Other/Not specified | 16 (6.6%) | 12 (10%) | |
Disposition | Treated and discharged% | 235 (96.3%) | 105 (89.7%) |
Treated and transferred | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.71%) | |
Treated and admitted | 5 (2.1%) | 6 (5.1%) | |
Left without being seen | 1 (0.4%) | 2 (1.71%) | |
Held for observation | 3 (1.2%) | 2 (1.71%) | |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.*P < 0.01, %P < 0.05. |
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Share and Cite
Sorenson, T.J.; Borad, V.; Schubert, W. A Nationwide Study of Skiing and Snowboarding-Related Facial Trauma. Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr. 2022, 15, 28-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1943387521997237
Sorenson TJ, Borad V, Schubert W. A Nationwide Study of Skiing and Snowboarding-Related Facial Trauma. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction. 2022; 15(1):28-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1943387521997237
Chicago/Turabian StyleSorenson, Thomas J., Vedant Borad, and Warren Schubert. 2022. "A Nationwide Study of Skiing and Snowboarding-Related Facial Trauma" Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 15, no. 1: 28-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1943387521997237
APA StyleSorenson, T. J., Borad, V., & Schubert, W. (2022). A Nationwide Study of Skiing and Snowboarding-Related Facial Trauma. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction, 15(1), 28-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1943387521997237