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Article

Multi-Factorized Semi-Covariance of Stock Markets and Gold Price

1
School of Management, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
2
Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China
3
Department of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
4
Department of Computer, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Risk Financ. Manag. 2021, 14(4), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040172
Submission received: 8 March 2021 / Revised: 1 April 2021 / Accepted: 3 April 2021 / Published: 9 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macroeconometrics and Time Series Analysis)

Abstract

Complex models have received significant interest in recent years and are being increasingly used to explain the stochastic phenomenon with upward and downward fluctuation such as the stock market. Different from existing semi-variance methods in traditional integer dimension construction for two variables, this paper proposes a simplified multi-factorized fractional dimension derivation with the exact Excel tool algorithm involving the fractional center moment extension to covariance, which is a complex parameter average that is a multi-factorized extension to Pearson covariance. By examining the peaks and troughs of gold price averages, the proposed algorithm provides more insight into revealing underlying stock market trends to see who is the financial market leader during good economic times. The calculation results demonstrate that the complex covariance is able to distinguish subtle differences among stock market performances and gold prices for the same field that the two variable covariance may overlook. We take London, Tokyo, Shanghai, Toronto, and Nasdaq as the representative examples.
Keywords: fractional moment; stock exchange; complex covariance; semi-variance fractional moment; stock exchange; complex covariance; semi-variance

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Shi, Y.; Yang, L.; Huang, M.; Huang, J.S. Multi-Factorized Semi-Covariance of Stock Markets and Gold Price. J. Risk Financ. Manag. 2021, 14, 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040172

AMA Style

Shi Y, Yang L, Huang M, Huang JS. Multi-Factorized Semi-Covariance of Stock Markets and Gold Price. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. 2021; 14(4):172. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040172

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shi, Yun, Lin Yang, Mei Huang, and Jun Steed Huang. 2021. "Multi-Factorized Semi-Covariance of Stock Markets and Gold Price" Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 4: 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040172

APA Style

Shi, Y., Yang, L., Huang, M., & Huang, J. S. (2021). Multi-Factorized Semi-Covariance of Stock Markets and Gold Price. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(4), 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040172

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