Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) as a Potential Biomarker of the Peripheral Nervous System Damage Following Breast Cancer Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.1.1. Inclusion Criteria
2.1.2. Exclusion Criteria
2.2. Neurological Examination
2.3. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patients
3.2. Evaluation of BDNF, NT-3, and Gal-3
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group Characteristic | Patients after BC Treatment (n = 67) |
---|---|
Age (years) | 47 (44, 49) |
Years after the end of therapy | 3 (2, 5) |
The structure by stages TNM, UICC | |
I (T1N0M0) | 8 (12%) |
II A (T2N1M0) | 46 (68%) |
II B (T3N1M0) | 3 (5%) |
III A (T3N2M0) | 2 (3%) |
III B (T4N2M0) | 8 (12%) |
The histological type of breast cancer | |
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) | 7 (11%) |
Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) | 49 (73%) |
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) | 11 (16%) |
Type of breast cancer treatment | |
Complex therapy of breast cancer (surgical treatment, radiation therapy, chemotherapy) | 37 (55%) |
Surgical treatment and chemotherapy | 18 (27%) |
Surgical treatment and radiation therapy | 7 (10%) |
Only surgical treatment | 5 (7%) |
Type of surgical treatment | |
Madden-modified radical mastectomy | 53 (79%) |
Sectoral resection | 14 (21%) |
Hormone therapy (Tamoxifen ± GnRH analogue) | |
Yes | 12 (18%) |
No | 50 (75%) |
Completed the course | 5 (7%) |
Clinical Characteristics | Number of Patients (N, %) |
---|---|
Chronic pain syndrome | 46 (69%) |
Numbness in the armpit | 45 (67%) |
Polyneuropathy | 34 (51%) |
Biomarker | BC Survivors (n = 67) | Healthy Volunteers (n = 25) | Mann-Whitney U Test | Significance (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
NT-3 pg/mL | 16.62 [11.18; 20.0] | 5.74 [4.56; 13.7] | 254 | <0.001 * |
BDNF pg/mL | 31,747.4 [23,068.0; 37,903.0] | 29,281.6 [21,786.4; 35,728.2] | 534.5 | 0.33 |
Gal-3 ng/mL | 5450.0 [4080.0; 9900.0] | 4660.0 [3240.0; 6380.0] | 521.0 | 0.26 |
Sing of Separation | Characteristic of the Sing | Number of Patients (and Age) | NT-3 pg/mL | Kruskal–Wallis Test | p | BDNF pg/mL | Kruskal–Wallis Test | p | Gal-3 ng/mL | Kruskal–Wallis Test | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chronic pain syndrome | yes | 46 (47 [43; 48]) | 14.85 [10.3; 18.0] | 19.05 | <0.001 * | 32,291.2 [25,359.0; 39,417.4] | 4.45 | 0.11 | 5600.0 [4160.0; 9140.0] | 1.12 | 0.57 |
no | 21 (47 [40; 50]) | 17.79 [14.7; 24.0] | 29,572.0 [20,621.0; 35,456.0] | 6350.0 [3340.0;13,960.0] | |||||||
Healthy volunteers | 5.74 [4.56; 13.7] | 29,281.6 [21,786.4; 35,728.2] | 4660.0 [3240.0; 6380.0] | ||||||||
Hypoesthesia in the armpit | yes | 45 (46 [40; 48]) | 16.0 [11.74; 20.0] | 15.22 | <0.001 * | 31,378.0 [23,689.0; 37,903.0] | 1.13 | 0.57 | 5200.0 [4060.0; 9980.0] | 1.74 | 0.42 |
no | 22 (48 [44; 49]) | 17.03 [11.18; 20.0] | 32,232.0 [22,757.2; 38,136.0] | 6230.0 [4620.0; 9900.0] | |||||||
Healthy volunteers | 5.74 [4.56; 13.7] | 29,281.6 [21,786.4; 35,728.2] | 4660.0 [3240.0; 6380.0] | ||||||||
Polyneuropathy | yes | 34 (46 [42; 48]) | 15.58 [11.75; 17.36] | 16.4 | <0.001 * | 31,164.7 [22,601.5; 39,223.2] | 1.11 | 0.57 | 5090.0 [4070.0; 8760.0] | 1.53 | 0.47 |
no | 33 (48 [43; 49]) | 17.06 [11.18; 21.46] | 32,077.0 [24,155.4; 36,815.0] | 6340.0 [4620.0; 9900.0] | |||||||
Healthy volunteers | 5.74 [4.56; 13.7] | 29,281.6 [21,786.4; 35,728.2] | 4660.0 [3240.0; 6380.0] | ||||||||
Treatment history | Only surgical treatment | 5 (44 [40; 48]) | 17.36 [14.18; 19.12] | 17.03 | 0.0019 * | 30,776.5 [18,225.0; 45,080.8] | 1.87 | 0.75 | 4130.0 [3580.0; 6290.0] | 2.99 | 0.55 |
Surgical treatment and radiotherapy | 7 (47 [46; 47]) | 16.0 [15.0; 18.82] | 30,951.4 [28,038.0; 32,504.8] | 6340.0 [5140.0; 7080.0] | |||||||
Surgical treatment and Chemotherapy | 18 (46 [42; 48]) | 17.35 [14.26; 22.35] | 31,203.9 [21,320.1; 39,417.5] | 6110.0 [4070.0; 8360.0] | |||||||
Complex treatment | 37 (46 [43; 49]) | 13.53 [10.0; 18.96] | 32,386.8 [25,378.5; 37,320.0] | 5350.0 [4220.0; 10,660.0] | |||||||
Healthy volunteers | 5.74 [4.56; 13.7] | 29,281.6 [21,786.4; 35,728.2] | 4660.0 [3240.0; 6380.0] | ||||||||
Type of surgery | Modified unilateral mastectomy Madden | 53 (47 [43; 48]) | 16.88 [11.75; 20.0] | 15.84 | <0.001 * | 32,174.7 [22,135.6; 38,407.5] | 1.08 | 0.58 | 5420.0 [4120.0; 10,240.0] | 1.30 | 0.52 |
Sector mastectomy | 14 (46 [41; 48]) | 15.0 [9.42; 19.4] | 31,456.0 [25,359.0; 37,242.0] | 6160.0 [4060.0; 8140.0] | |||||||
Healthy volunteers | 5.74 [4.56; 13.7] | 29,281.6 [21,786.4; 35,728.2] | 4660.0 [3240.0; 6380.0] |
Sing of Separation | Compared Groups | Mann-Whitney U Test | p |
---|---|---|---|
Chronic pain syndrome | Yes/No | 264 | 0.026 * |
Healthy volunteers (Healthy)/No | 44 | <0.001 * | |
(Healthy)/Yes | 208 | <0.001 * | |
Hypoesthesia in the armpit | Yes/No | 463 | 0.90 |
(Healthy)/No | 79.5 | <0.001 * | |
(Healthy)/Yes | 173.5 | <0.001 * | |
Polyneuropathy | Yes/No | 436 | 0.22 |
(Healthy)/No | 112.5 | <0.001 * | |
(Healthy)/Yes | 140.5 | 0.001 * | |
Type of surgery | Modified unilateral mastectomy Madden (M)/Sector mastectomy (SM) | 294 | 0.48 |
(Healthy)/(M) | 183 | <0.001 * | |
(Healthy)/(SM) | 70 | 0.04 * | |
Breast cancer treatment | Only surgical treatment (OS)/Surgical treatment and radiotherapy (S + R) | 9 | 0.90 |
Surgical treatment and Chemotherapy (S + Ch)/Complex treatment (CT) | 179 | 0.09 | |
(OS)/(S + Ch) | 29 | 0.81 | |
(OS)/(CT) | 50 | 0.50 | |
(S + R)/(S + Ch) | 34 | 0.65 | |
(S + R)/(CT) | 71 | 0.71 | |
(OS)/(Healthy) | 11 | 0.03 * | |
(S + R)/(Healthy) | 26 | 0.014 * | |
(S + Ch)/(Healthy) | 46 | <0.001 * | |
(CT)/(Healthy) | 139 | 0.001 * |
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Tonyan, S.; Pospelova, M.; Krasnikova, V.; Fionik, O.; Alekseeva, T.; Samochernykh, K.; Ivanova, N.; Vavilova, T.; Vasilieva, E.; Makhanova, A.; et al. Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) as a Potential Biomarker of the Peripheral Nervous System Damage Following Breast Cancer Treatment. Pathophysiology 2023, 30, 110-122. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30020010
Tonyan S, Pospelova M, Krasnikova V, Fionik O, Alekseeva T, Samochernykh K, Ivanova N, Vavilova T, Vasilieva E, Makhanova A, et al. Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) as a Potential Biomarker of the Peripheral Nervous System Damage Following Breast Cancer Treatment. Pathophysiology. 2023; 30(2):110-122. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30020010
Chicago/Turabian StyleTonyan, Samvel, Maria Pospelova, Varvara Krasnikova, Olga Fionik, Tatyana Alekseeva, Konstantin Samochernykh, Nataliya Ivanova, Tatyana Vavilova, Elena Vasilieva, Albina Makhanova, and et al. 2023. "Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) as a Potential Biomarker of the Peripheral Nervous System Damage Following Breast Cancer Treatment" Pathophysiology 30, no. 2: 110-122. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30020010